Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Science and the Environment, Division of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, Lancs, UK.
Analyst. 2012 Apr 21;137(8):1815-23. doi: 10.1039/c2an16279b. Epub 2012 Mar 9.
We explore the use of graphene modified electrodes towards the electroanalytical sensing of various analytes, namely dopamine hydrochloride, uric acid, acetaminophen and p-benzoquinone via cyclic voltammetry. In line with literature methodologies and to investigate the full-implications of employing graphene in this electrochemical context, we modify electrode substrates that exhibit either fast or slow electron transfer kinetics (edge- or basal- plane pyrolytic graphite electrodes respectively) with well characterised commercially available graphene that has not been chemically treated, is free from surfactants and as a result of its fabrication has an extremely low oxygen content, allowing the true electroanalytical applicability of graphene to be properly de-convoluted and determined. In comparison to the unmodified underlying electrode substrates (constructed from graphite), we find that graphene exhibits a reduced analytical performance in terms of sensitivity, linearity and observed detection limits towards each of the various analytes studied within. Owing to graphene's structural composition, low proportion of edge plane sites and consequent slow heterogeneous electron transfer rates, there appears to be no advantages, for the analytes studied here, of employing graphene in this electroanalytical context.
我们探索了使用石墨烯修饰电极通过循环伏安法对各种分析物（即盐酸多巴胺、尿酸、对乙酰氨基酚和对苯醌）进行电分析传感。根据文献方法，并为了研究在电化学背景下使用石墨烯的全部影响，我们分别用具有快速或慢速电子转移动力学的电极基底（边缘或基面热解石墨电极）来修饰，这些基底使用的是经过商业处理、不含表面活性剂的、并且由于其制造过程而具有极低氧含量的特征明确的商业石墨烯，这允许对石墨烯的真正电分析适用性进行适当的分解和确定。与未修饰的基础电极基底（由石墨构成）相比，我们发现石墨烯在灵敏度、线性度和对所研究的各种分析物的观察到的检测限方面的分析性能有所降低。由于石墨烯的结构组成、边缘平面位点的比例较低以及随之而来的异质电子转移速率较慢，对于这里研究的分析物来说，在这种电分析背景下使用石墨烯似乎没有任何优势。
