Department of Health Care, PHL University College.
Percept Mot Skills. 2011 Dec;113(3):773-92. doi: 10.2466/10.11.22.PMS.113.6.773-792.
The Preschool Imitation and Praxis Scale (PIPS) was developed to measure bodily and procedural imitation aptitude in young children. However, the investigation of procedural imitation is more complex than that of bodily imitation. The procedural imitation tasks of the PIPS mainly consisted of unusual acts upon objects (for example, switching on a lamp in a toy animal with the forehead). This study assessed the suitability of these tasks by ruling out nonimitative learning in 15 typically developing children between 12 and 55 mo. of age (6 girls, 9 boys). Results indicated that the tasks seem novel and unlikely to be performed spontaneously by the children. In addition, the number of target acts performed by the children in the imitation condition was significantly higher than in the baseline, investigator-manipulation, and imitation-enhancement nonimitative control conditions. Finally, the tasks elicited more frequently imitative behaviour than end-state emulation. Therefore, the tasks appear appropriate to measure procedural imitation, and the findings support the theoretical validity of the PIPS.
《学前模仿与实践量表》（PIPS）旨在测量幼儿的身体模仿和程序模仿能力。然而，程序模仿的研究比身体模仿更为复杂。PIPS 的程序模仿任务主要包括对物体的非常规动作（例如，用额头打开玩具动物中的灯）。本研究通过排除 15 名年龄在 12 至 55 个月的正常发育儿童（6 名女孩，9 名男孩）中的非模仿性学习，评估了这些任务的适用性。结果表明，这些任务看起来很新颖，儿童不太可能自发完成。此外，在模仿条件下，儿童执行的目标动作数量明显高于基线、调查员操作和模仿增强非模仿性控制条件。最后，这些任务引发的模仿行为比终端状态模拟更频繁。因此，这些任务似乎适合测量程序模仿，并且研究结果支持 PIPS 的理论有效性。
