光照时长对两个商业肉鸡品种生产性能的影响。

Impact of daylength on the productivity of two commercial broiler strains.

Department of Animal and Poultry Science, 51 Campus Drive, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.

Br Poult Sci. 2012;53(1):7-18. doi: 10.1080/00071668.2012.659652.

Abstract

The impact of daylength on productivity in male and female broilers of two genotypes was studied in two replicated experiments. In each experiment, four lighting programs (14L:10D (14L), 17L:7D (17L), 20L:4D (20L) and 23L:1D (23L)) were used to study the relationships between productivity and daylength in two genotypes and both genders. 2. General Linear Model analysis was used to test for differences in daylength, genotype, gender and their interactions, and regression analysis to define relationships between productivity and daylength in experiment one and daylength differences in experiment two. 3. In experiment one, body weights at d 32 (P = 0·002) and d 39 (P = 0·011) were related in a quadratic fashion to daylength, with the heaviest birds raised under 20L. The growth curve at d 49 was similar in shape, and body weights under both 17L and 20L were significantly higher than under 14L and 23L (P < 0·001). In experiment two, data were similar, although the quadratic relationship was not significant. 4. Feed consumption was highest to d 39 or d 49 under 20L, and birds under 23L ate as much (d 39) or less feed (d 49) than under 17L. 5. Gain-to-feed efficiency (FCR) responded in a quadratic fashion, with maximum efficiency observed under the shortest daylength. 6. Mortality increased linearly with daylength for all time periods in both experiments.

摘要

本研究在两项重复实验中，探究了两种基因型肉鸡公母雏鸡的日长对生产性能的影响。在每个实验中，使用了四种光照方案（14L：10D（14L）、17L：7D（17L）、20L：4D（20L）和 23L：1D（23L））来研究两种基因型和两种性别中生产性能与日长的关系。
采用一般线性模型分析来检验日长、基因型、性别及其相互作用的差异，并采用回归分析来定义实验一中生产性能与日长的关系以及实验二中日长差异。
在实验一中，体重在 32 日龄（P=0.002）和 39 日龄（P=0.011）与日长呈二次关系，20L 日长下的鸡体重最重。49 日龄的生长曲线形状相似，17L 和 20L 下的体重显著高于 14L 和 23L（P<0.001）。在实验二中，数据相似，尽管二次关系不显著。
20L 下的鸡在 39 日龄或 49 日龄的采食量最高，而 23L 下的鸡在 39 日龄的采食量与 17L 下相同，在 49 日龄的采食量则较低。
饲料转化率（FCR）呈二次关系，最短日长下效率最高。
在两个实验中，所有时间段的死亡率都随日长呈线性增加。