Moudgal Varsha, Sobel Jack D
Director, Infectious Diseases Fellowship Program, St. Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI 48106, USA.
Hosp Pract (1995). 2012 Feb;40(1):139-48. doi: 10.3810/hp.2012.02.954.
Clostridium difficile has become an increasingly important nosocomial pathogen and is one of the most common causes of hospital-acquired diarrhea. The incidence of C difficile infection (CDI) is increasing worldwide. Overuse of antibiotics is felt to be a major contributing factor leading to the increased incidence of CDI. The clinical manifestations of CDI vary from a mild form of the disease to fulminant diarrhea, leading to significant patient morbidity and mortality. The increasing incidence of CDI has a major impact on increasing health care costs. This article will summarize the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment options for CDI, as well as infection-control measures for the prevention of CDI.
艰难梭菌已成为一种日益重要的医院病原体，是医院获得性腹泻最常见的病因之一。艰难梭菌感染（CDI）的发病率在全球范围内呈上升趋势。抗生素的过度使用被认为是导致CDI发病率上升的一个主要促成因素。CDI的临床表现从疾病的轻度形式到暴发性腹泻不等，导致患者出现显著的发病和死亡。CDI发病率的上升对增加医疗保健成本有重大影响。本文将总结CDI的流行病学、发病机制、临床表现、实验室诊断、治疗选择以及预防CDI的感染控制措施。
