Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
Neurourol Urodyn. 2012 Mar;31(3):344-8. doi: 10.1002/nau.22216. Epub 2012 Mar 13.
Psychological factors and LUTS are closely associated in children. 20-40% of children with nocturnal enuresis (NE) and 30-40% with daytime urinary incontinence (DUI) have a clinical psychiatric disorder, many more are distressed. The associations are complex and differ for each individual subtype of disorder, as both genetic and environmental factors can interact. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview and discuss possible causal associations.
Relevant studies are reviewed--preferably with population-based, representative results.
Four basic associations are possible. Psychological symptoms and disorders can (1) be a consequence of LUTS and NE/DUI; (2) They can be induced by them; (3) Both can be due to common, shared etiological factors; and (4) They can co-occur by chance without causality.
Due to these complex associations, a descriptive approach is endorsed. Both the subtype of NE/DUI and possible psychological symptoms and disorders need to be identified--possible causal relationships can be analyzed in a second step. Screening for psychological symptoms with parental behavioral questionnaires in all settings is recommended, as well as counselling and treatment if indicated.
心理因素与下尿路症状（LUTS）在儿童中密切相关。20%-40%的遗尿症（NE）儿童和 30%-40%的日间尿失禁（DUI）儿童存在临床精神障碍，更多的儿童感到痛苦。这些关联非常复杂，且因每种障碍的亚型而异，因为遗传和环境因素可以相互作用。本文旨在提供一个概述，并讨论可能的因果关联。
回顾相关研究——最好是基于人群的、具有代表性的结果。
可能存在四种基本关联。心理症状和障碍可能（1）是 LUTS 和 NE/DUI 的后果；（2）可能由它们引起；（3）两者都可能是由共同的、共同的病因因素引起的；（4）它们可能是偶然同时发生而没有因果关系。
由于这些复杂的关联，我们支持采用描述性方法。需要识别 NE/DUI 的亚型以及可能存在的心理症状和障碍——可以在第二步分析可能的因果关系。建议在所有环境中使用父母行为问卷对心理症状进行筛查，如果有必要，还应进行咨询和治疗。
Zotero 插件