Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany.
Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
Neurourol Urodyn. 2018 Sep;37(7):2209-2219. doi: 10.1002/nau.23564. Epub 2018 Apr 10.
The "Parental Questionnaire: Enuresis/Urinary Incontinence" (PQ-EnU) is widely-used in clinical assessment of nocturnal enuresis (NE) and daytime urinary incontinence (DUI). It includes 18 items regarding daytime (DW) and nighttime wetting (NW), 24 items concerning toilet habits (TH), and 14 items regarding behavioral problems (BP). The aim of the study was to evaluate reliability and validity of the PQ-EnU.
Parents of 490 children (M = 8.7 years [SD = 2.9], 68.2% male) presented in an outpatient incontinence clinic completed the PQ-EnU and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Internal consistencies, factorial structure, and convergent validity regarding incontinence diagnoses and psychopathology were examined.
84.1% had NE, 38.8% DUI, and 20.8% fecal incontinence (FI). Internal consistencies were good for TH and BP. A factor analysis of the TH scale revealed three subscales ("Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)," "Bowel symptoms," and "Voiding dysfunctions"). The LUTS and "Bowel symptoms" subscales were significantly correlated to clinical diagnoses of DUI and FI, respectively. A factor analysis of the BP scale revealed also three subscales ("attention/school deficits," "impulsive-aggressive behavior" and "internalizing problems," which were all significantly correlated with the CBCL. The questionnaire discriminated significantly between children with and without DUI or FI, and children with and without a clinical CBCL score.
The PQ-EnU is a valid and reliable parental questionnaire to measure incontinence, bladder/bowel symptoms, and behavioral problems in children. Due to its shortness, the PQ-EnU is an efficient measurement, which can be used in clinical settings and also as a screening tool for psychological symptoms.
“父母问卷：遗尿/尿失禁”（PQ-EnU）广泛用于夜间遗尿症（NE）和日间尿失禁（DUI）的临床评估。它包括 18 项日间（DW）和夜间湿尿（NW）项目，24 项厕所习惯（TH）项目和 14 项行为问题（BP）项目。本研究旨在评估 PQ-EnU 的信度和效度。
490 名儿童（M=8.7 岁[SD=2.9]，68.2%为男性）的父母在门诊遗尿症诊所完成了 PQ-EnU 和儿童行为检查表（CBCL）。研究检查了内部一致性、因子结构以及与失禁诊断和精神病理学的相关性。
84.1%有 NE，38.8%有 DUI，20.8%有粪失禁（FI）。TH 和 BP 的内部一致性良好。TH 量表的因子分析显示有三个亚量表（“下尿路症状（LUTS）”、“肠症状”和“排尿功能障碍”）。LUTS 和“肠症状”亚量表与 DUI 和 FI 的临床诊断显著相关。BP 量表的因子分析也显示有三个亚量表（“注意力/学校缺陷”、“冲动-攻击行为”和“内化问题”，与 CBCL 均显著相关。问卷在 DUI 或 FI 患儿与无 DUI 或 FI 患儿之间，以及 CBCL 临床评分患儿与无 CBCL 评分患儿之间存在显著差异。
PQ-EnU 是一种有效和可靠的家长问卷，用于测量儿童的失禁、膀胱/肠道症状和行为问题。由于其简短，PQ-EnU 是一种高效的测量方法，可用于临床环境，也可作为心理症状的筛查工具。
