Departament de Química Inorgánica, ICMol, Universitat de València, C/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2. Paterna, Spain.
Chem Soc Rev. 2012 May 21;41(10):3859-77. doi: 10.1039/c2cs35008d. Epub 2012 Mar 22.
Supramolecular complexes offer a new and efficient way for the monitoring and removal of many substances emanating from technical processes, fertilization, plant and animal protection, or e.g. chemotherapy. Such pollutants range from toxic or radioactive metal ions and anions to chemical side products, herbicides, pesticides to drugs including steroids, and include degradation products from natural sources. The applications involve usually fast and reversible complex formation, due to prevailing non-covalent interactions. This is of importance for sensing as well as for separation techniques, where the often expensive host compounds can then be reused almost indefinitely. Immobilization of host compounds, e.g. on exchange resins or on membranes, and their implementation in smart new materials hold particular promise. The review illustrates how the design of suitable host compounds in combination with modern sensing and separation methods can contribute to solve some of the biggest problems facing chemistry, which arise from the everyday increasing pollution of the environment.
超分子配合物为监测和去除许多源自技术过程、施肥、动植物保护或例如化疗的物质提供了一种新的有效方法。这些污染物的范围从有毒或放射性金属离子和阴离子到化学副产物、除草剂、杀虫剂到包括类固醇在内的药物，以及来自天然来源的降解产物。由于普遍存在的非共价相互作用，这些应用通常涉及快速和可逆的配合物形成。这对于传感和分离技术都很重要，其中昂贵的主体化合物可以几乎无限期地重复使用。主体化合物的固定化，例如在交换树脂或膜上，以及它们在智能新材料中的应用具有特殊的前景。该综述说明了如何通过设计合适的主体化合物，结合现代传感和分离方法，有助于解决化学领域面临的一些最大问题，这些问题源于环境日益严重的污染。
