Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Cà Granda Maggiore Hospital Foundation and Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
J Intern Med. 2012 Jun;271(6):554-65. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2012.02541.x. Epub 2012 Apr 19.
Venous thromboembolism (including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism) and atrial fibrillation are common conditions in Western countries. The mainstay of treatment and prevention for these diseases is fast-acting anticoagulant drugs such as heparins and vitamin K antagonists. The use of these drugs is, however, complex and demanding for both patients and physicians. Recently, new antithrombotic drugs that act directly by inhibiting activated coagulation factors such as factor X or thrombin have been developed and investigated in phase III clinical trials. The aim of this article is to review: (i) the need to develop new drugs; (ii) their efficacy/safety as demonstrated in clinical trials; (iii) the need for laboratory monitoring and (iv) the direction towards the use of these new drugs in the real-life clinical situation.
静脉血栓栓塞症（包括深静脉血栓形成和肺栓塞）和心房颤动是西方国家常见的病症。这些疾病的治疗和预防的主要方法是使用肝素和维生素 K 拮抗剂等快速作用的抗凝药物。然而，这些药物的使用对患者和医生来说都很复杂且要求很高。最近，开发并研究了一些新型的抗血栓药物，这些药物通过直接抑制激活的凝血因子（如因子 X 或凝血酶）而起作用，并在 III 期临床试验中进行了评估。本文旨在综述：（i）开发新药的必要性；（ii）临床试验中显示的疗效/安全性；（iii）实验室监测的必要性；以及（iv）这些新型药物在实际临床情况下的应用方向。
