Marqueta Adriana, Nerín Isabel, Jiménez-Muro Adriana, Gargallo Pilar, Beamonte Asunción
Unidad de Tabaquismo FMZ, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, España.
Gac Sanit. 2013 Jan-Feb;27(1):26-31. doi: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2011.12.011. Epub 2012 Mar 23.
To identify factors predictive of the outcome of a smoking cessation program by gender.
A cross-sectional study of smokers starting treatment in a smoking cessation clinic from 2002 to 2007 was conducted. The variables consisted of data on sociodemographic factors, smoking habits, the social context of smoking and psychiatric comorbidity prior to or during the smoking cessation process. All patients received multicomponent treatment consisting of psychological and pharmacological interventions. Success was defined as self-reported continuous abstinence confirmed by cooximetry (CO ≤10 ppm). Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors predictive of success.
A total of 1302 persons (52.1% men and 47.9% women), with a mean age of 43.4 (10.2) years, were included. The mean number of cigarettes smoked per day was 25.3 (10.4) and the mean Fagerström test score was 6.2 (2.2) points. The success rate was 41.3% (538) with no differences by gender. Positive predictors were lower nicotine dependence and having a non-smoking partner in men and older age, smoking fewer cigarettes per day, having fewer smoking friends and not experiencing depression or anxiety during the treatment in women.
Men and women have similar tobacco abstinence outcomes although gender factors play a role in determining abstinence. The gender perspective should be incorporated in smoking prevention and cessation programs.
按性别确定预测戒烟项目结果的因素。
对2002年至2007年在戒烟诊所开始治疗的吸烟者进行横断面研究。变量包括社会人口学因素、吸烟习惯、吸烟的社会环境以及戒烟过程之前或期间的精神疾病合并症数据。所有患者均接受了包括心理和药物干预的多成分治疗。成功定义为经一氧化碳测定法确认的自我报告的持续戒烟（一氧化碳≤10 ppm）。采用逻辑回归分析预测成功的因素。
共纳入1302人（男性占52.1%，女性占47.9%），平均年龄为43.4（10.2）岁。每天吸烟的平均支数为25.3（10.4）支，平均法格斯特龙测试评分为6.2（2.2）分。成功率为41.3%（538人），无性别差异。男性的积极预测因素为较低的尼古丁依赖性和有不吸烟的伴侣，女性的积极预测因素为年龄较大、每天吸烟较少、吸烟朋友较少以及治疗期间未出现抑郁或焦虑。
尽管性别因素在决定戒烟方面发挥作用，但男性和女性的戒烟结果相似。应将性别视角纳入吸烟预防和戒烟项目中。
