Department of Mental Health Law and Policy, University of South Florida.
Sexually Violent Predator Program, Department of Children and Families.
Personal Disord. 2012 Jan;3(1):66-75. doi: 10.1037/a0025605.
In the search for causes of psychopathy, the literature historically focuses on biological and temperamental differences. In comparison, this literature overshadows that of psychosocial risk factors for the development of psychopathy, namely childhood maltreatment. The current study examines the association between specific types of maltreatment (i.e., physical, emotional, sexual abuse, neglect) and PCL-R total and facet scores among a sample of 223 adult men convicted of sexual offenses and evaluated for civil commitment. Results indicate that childhood sexual abuse is associated with higher PCL-R total scores and facets tapping a grandiose and manipulative interpersonal style, impulsive-irresponsible lifestyle, and antisocial behavior. Also, childhood physical abuse and neglect are associated with antisocial behavior. Emotional detachment traits of psychopathy (i.e., lack of empathy, shallow affect) are associated with childhood neglect for child molesters, although rapists scored higher on these traits irrespective of neglect history. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
在寻找精神变态的原因时，文献历史上侧重于生物学和气质差异。相比之下，这方面的文献掩盖了精神变态发展的社会心理风险因素，即儿童期虐待。本研究在一个由 223 名被判犯有性犯罪并接受民事拘留评估的成年男性样本中，检查了特定类型的虐待（即身体、情感、性虐待、忽视）与 PCL-R 总分和特征评分之间的关系。结果表明，儿童期性虐待与较高的 PCL-R 总分以及涉及浮夸和操纵人际关系风格、冲动不负责任的生活方式和反社会行为的特征评分有关。此外，儿童期身体虐待和忽视与反社会行为有关。精神变态的情感冷漠特征（即缺乏同理心、情感浅薄）与恋童癖者的儿童忽视有关，尽管强奸犯无论是否有忽视史，这些特征的得分都更高。讨论了理论和实践意义。
