Corrêa Umberto C, Alegre Fernando A M, Freudenheim Andrea M, Dos Santos Suely, Tani Go
School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
Nonlinear Dynamics Psychol Life Sci. 2012 Apr;16(2):185-203.
Some researchers have described team sports as complex, open, and hierarchical systems. This study aimed to investigate and describe how the game of futsal could be characterized as a dynamic adaptive process. One game, which included participation by two amateur teams, was analyzed by examining players' individual (space occupied, skills with and without ball) and collective actions (attacks and defenses). Data were collected through time-continuum notation, and were analyzed through frequencies and clustering, using trend analysis and multiple comparisons, and Ward's minimum variance method with Euclidean distance, respectively. Results revealed four attack patterns for each team, with four defense patterns for one (Blue), and seven for the other (Red), and they showed within-pattern variability. All were performed in an unpredictable manner, with no absolute correspondence between attacks and defenses. The futsal game as an adaptive process was characterized by changing intra- and inter-patterns.
一些研究人员将团队运动描述为复杂、开放和分层的系统。本研究旨在调查和描述五人制足球比赛如何被表征为一个动态适应过程。通过检查球员的个人行为（占据的空间、有球和无球技能）和集体行为（进攻和防守），对一场包括两支业余球队参与的比赛进行了分析。数据通过时间连续记录法收集，并分别使用趋势分析和多重比较以及欧几里得距离的沃德最小方差法，通过频率和聚类进行分析。结果显示，每支球队有四种进攻模式，其中一支球队（蓝色）有四种防守模式，另一支球队（红色）有七种防守模式，并且它们在模式内存在变异性。所有这些模式都是以不可预测的方式执行的，进攻和防守之间没有绝对的对应关系。五人制足球比赛作为一个适应过程的特点是模式内和模式间的变化。
