Gruber Daniel D, Warner William B, Lombardini Eric D, Zahn Christopher M, Buller Jerome L
From the *Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC; and †Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, and ‡Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD.
Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg. 2011 May;17(3):110-4. doi: 10.1097/SPV.0b013e318214b1a6.
: The objective of the study was to examine the anatomy and histology of the swine vagina and adjacent supportive structures in comparison to human tissues to determine the potential utility of this model for pelvic floor disorder evaluation and management.
: This is a descriptive study of the gross anatomy and histology of the swine vagina, uterosacral ligament, cardinal ligament, and rectovaginal space. Tissue was collected from 6 different sites in each of the 6 animals, processed, and stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Masson trichrome, and van Gieson and evaluated by both gynecologic and veterinary pathologists.
: Porcine tissues were similar to the human vagina and supporting structures. The origin, insertion, and course of the uterosacral and cardinal ligaments appeared similar to those in humans. Histologically, both the porcine and human vagina and rectum consist of a mucosal, muscular, and adventitial layers. The swine vaginal smooth muscle is arranged in an inner circular and outer longitudinal manner. Collagen, elastin, and smooth muscle were identified in 5 sites. Collagen was highest in the cardinal compared with the uterosacral ligament (P = 0.03), whereas elastin was highest in the uterosacral ligament. The vaginal epithelium measured approximately 40 μm at the vaginal cuff and 50 to 200 μm at anterior and posterior vagina. The swine vagina appeared thinner and contained less elastin. The rectovaginal region contained a smooth muscle layer leading to a thin adventitial layer.
: The swine vagina and adjacent supportive structures appear to be grossly and histologically similar to human vaginal anatomy, and these similarities could lead to further investigation of the porcine model in the study of pelvic support and support disorders.
本研究的目的是检查猪阴道及其相邻支持结构的解剖学和组织学，并与人体组织进行比较，以确定该模型在盆底功能障碍评估和管理中的潜在效用。
这是一项关于猪阴道、子宫骶韧带、主韧带和直肠阴道间隙的大体解剖学和组织学的描述性研究。从6只动物的每只动物的6个不同部位采集组织，进行处理，并用苏木精-伊红、马松三色染色法和范吉森染色法染色，由妇科和兽医病理学家进行评估。
猪组织与人类阴道及其支持结构相似。子宫骶韧带和主韧带的起点、止点和走行与人类相似。在组织学上，猪和人类的阴道及直肠均由黏膜层、肌层和外膜层组成。猪阴道平滑肌呈内环外纵排列。在5个部位鉴定出胶原蛋白、弹性蛋白和平滑肌。与子宫骶韧带相比，主韧带中的胶原蛋白含量最高（P = 0.03），而子宫骶韧带中的弹性蛋白含量最高。阴道上皮在阴道袖口处约为40μm，在前阴道和后阴道处为50至200μm。猪阴道显得更薄，弹性蛋白含量更少。直肠阴道区域有一层平滑肌，通向一层薄的外膜。
猪阴道及其相邻支持结构在大体和组织学上似乎与人类阴道解剖结构相似，这些相似性可能会促使在盆腔支持和支持障碍研究中进一步研究猪模型。
