Heng Yee Hsieh Evelyn, Barry Guy, Richards Linda J, Piper Michael
School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
Neurosignals. 2012;20(3):159-67. doi: 10.1159/000330651. Epub 2012 Mar 27.
Neuronal migration plays a central role in the formation of the brain, and deficits in this process can lead to aberrant brain function and subsequent disease. Neuronal migration is a complex process that involves the interaction of the neuron with the surrounding environmental milieu, and as such involves both cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic mechanisms. Studies performed in rodent models to investigate the formation of brain structures have provided key insights into how neuronal migration is coordinated during development. Within the cerebral cortex, glutamatergic neurons derived from the cortical ventricular zone migrate radially into the cortical plate, whereas interneurons derived within the ventrally located ganglionic eminences migrate tangentially into the cortex. Within the embryonic cerebellum, cerebellar granule neuron progenitors migrate from the rhombic lip over the surface of the cerebellar anlage, before differentiating and migrating radially into the internal granule layer of the cerebellum perinatally. In this review, we focus on one family of proteins, the nuclear factor I transcription factors, and review our understanding of how these molecules contribute to the formation of the hippocampus and the cerebellum via the regulation of neuronal migration.
神经元迁移在大脑形成过程中起着核心作用，这一过程中的缺陷会导致大脑功能异常及后续疾病。神经元迁移是一个复杂的过程，涉及神经元与周围环境的相互作用，因此涉及细胞内在和外在机制。在啮齿动物模型中进行的研究，以探究脑结构的形成，为神经元迁移在发育过程中如何协调提供了关键见解。在大脑皮层内，源自皮质脑室区的谷氨酸能神经元径向迁移至皮质板，而源自腹侧神经节隆起的中间神经元则切向迁移至皮质。在胚胎小脑内，小脑颗粒神经元前体细胞从菱唇迁移至小脑原基表面，然后在围产期分化并径向迁移至小脑的内颗粒层。在本综述中，我们聚焦于一类蛋白质，即核因子I转录因子，并回顾我们对这些分子如何通过调节神经元迁移来促进海马体和小脑形成的理解。
