van den Elzen Marijke E P, Versnel Sarah L, Perry J Christopher, Mathijssen Irene M J, Duivenvoorden Hugo J
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
J Nerv Ment Dis. 2012 Apr;200(4):323-8. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0b013e31824cb378.
It is of clinical interest to investigate the degree to which patients with facial disfigurement use defense styles. Therefore, 59 adults born with rare facial clefts, 59 patients with facial deformities acquired at an adult age, and a reference group of 141 adults without facial disfigurements completed standardized questionnaires. There was a significant difference between the group with and the group without disfigurements on immature defense styles, with the disfigured group using the immature style more frequently. There was a trend for the nondisfigured group to use more mature defense styles. No difference between congenital and acquired groups was seen on individual types of defense style. Self-esteem had the strength to differentiate mature and immature defense styles within our disfigured groups. The association of low self-esteem and the utilization of immature defense styles suggests that professional help may tailor treatment on discussing immature defense style and problems triggering or maintaining this style.
研究面部毁容患者使用防御方式的程度具有临床意义。因此，59名先天性面部罕见裂的成年人、59名成年后获得性面部畸形患者以及141名无面部毁容的成年人组成的参照组完成了标准化问卷。有面部毁容组和无面部毁容组在不成熟防御方式上存在显著差异，面部毁容组更频繁地使用不成熟方式。无面部毁容组有使用更成熟防御方式的趋势。先天性和后天性面部毁容组在个体防御方式类型上未见差异。自尊有能力区分我们面部毁容组中的成熟和不成熟防御方式。低自尊与使用不成熟防御方式之间的关联表明，专业帮助可能需要针对讨论不成熟防御方式以及引发或维持这种方式的问题来调整治疗。
