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Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2012 Jul;36(6):1481-509. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.03.006. Epub 2012 Mar 28.
In the last fifteen years, functional neuroimaging techniques have been used to investigate the neuroanatomical correlates of sexual arousal in healthy human subjects. In most studies, subjects have been requested to watch visual sexual stimuli and control stimuli. Our review and meta-analysis found that in heterosexual men, sites of cortical activation consistently reported across studies are the lateral occipitotemporal, inferotemporal, parietal, orbitofrontal, medial prefrontal, insular, anterior cingulate, and frontal premotor cortices as well as, for subcortical regions, the amygdalas, claustrum, hypothalamus, caudate nucleus, thalami, cerebellum, and substantia nigra. Heterosexual and gay men show a similar pattern of activation. Visual sexual stimuli activate the amygdalas and thalami more in men than in women. Ejaculation is associated with decreased activation throughout the prefrontal cortex. We present a neurophenomenological model to understand how these multiple regional brain responses could account for the varied facets of the subjective experience of sexual arousal. Further research should shift from passive to active paradigms, focus on functional connectivity and use subliminal presentation of stimuli.
在过去的十五年中，功能神经影像学技术被用于研究健康人类被试者性唤起的神经解剖学相关性。在大多数研究中，要求被试观看视觉性刺激和控制刺激。我们的综述和荟萃分析发现，在异性恋男性中，跨研究一致报告的皮质激活部位包括外侧枕颞叶、下颞叶、顶叶、眶额叶、内侧前额叶、岛叶、前扣带回和额前运动皮质，以及杏仁核、屏状核、下丘脑、尾状核、丘脑、小脑和黑质等皮质下区域。异性恋男性和同性恋男性表现出相似的激活模式。视觉性性刺激在男性中比女性更能激活杏仁核和丘脑。射精与整个前额叶皮质的激活减少有关。我们提出了一个神经现象学模型，以理解这些多个区域的大脑反应如何解释性唤起的主观体验的不同方面。进一步的研究应从被动范式转向主动范式，重点关注功能连接，并使用刺激的潜意识呈现。
