INICO (Instituto Universitario de Integración en la Comunidad), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
J Intellect Disabil Res. 2013 Jun;57(6):489-99. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2012.01548.x. Epub 2012 Apr 4.
Concepts such as support, quality of life and quality of services are customary in services for people with intellectual disabilities. The identification of the different ways of conceiving, prioritising and implementing these concepts by service providers can help to drive changes to achieve better personal outcomes for this population. The current study aims to identify service providers' perceptions regarding the quality of life of their clients and the quality of services they provide. It also aims to identify similarities and differences of appraisals among professionals, and to identify associations between supports, quality of life and quality of services.
Data were collected from 22 service providers who attended three focus groups (professionals, direct support staff, and managers) from whom 424 comments were analysed. Service providers were asked about the required support for users, the meaning of quality of life for those users, and about features that should characterise quality services. Thematic analysis was employed and transcripts of the sessions were coded according to the dimensions of models on supports, quality of life and quality of services. Chi-squared tests were utilised to test for potential differences among groups.
Each professional group has its own priorities concerning required supports. Among the organisation different and potentially conflicting perceptions regarding the meaning of experiencing quality of life coexist. Concerning quality of services, only managers mentioned personal outcomes. Finally, institutionalisation has a negative impact on supports, quality of life and quality of services.
It is necessary to move beyond a shared awareness of the negative impact of institutionalisation towards the transformation of services in search of personal quality outcomes.
在为智障人士提供的服务中，支持、生活质量和服务质量等概念已经司空见惯。确定服务提供者对这些概念的不同构想、优先顺序和实施方式，可以帮助推动变革，为这一人群实现更好的个人成果。本研究旨在确定服务提供者对其客户的生活质量和所提供服务质量的看法。它还旨在确定专业人员评估之间的相似点和差异，并确定支持、生活质量和服务质量之间的关联。
从参加三个焦点小组（专业人员、直接支持人员和管理人员）的 22 名服务提供者那里收集了数据，从他们那里分析了 424 条评论。服务提供者被问及用户所需的支持、这些用户生活质量的含义，以及应具有哪些特征的优质服务。采用了主题分析，并根据支持、生活质量和服务质量模型的维度对会议记录进行了编码。利用卡方检验来检验组间潜在的差异。
每个专业群体在所需支持方面都有自己的优先事项。在组织中，不同的、潜在冲突的关于体验生活质量的认知共存。关于服务质量，只有管理人员提到了个人成果。最后，制度化对支持、生活质量和服务质量有负面影响。
有必要超越对制度化负面影响的共识，朝着寻求个人质量成果的服务转型迈进。
