Brusset B
Int J Psychoanal. 2012 Apr;93(2):427-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-8315.2011.00512.x.
Psychoanalysis does not seek to get rid of symptoms but to question them as witnesses of psychic functioning and as formations of the unconscious. Whatever their nature may be, it is a question of analysing their causes and their functions as they appear and develop during the course of the analytic process. The latter is activated by the transference relationship induced by the method within a specific setting. The aim is to bring about liberating psychic transformations. The extension of the indications and modifications in the expression of psychic suffering have led to the development of psychotherapies. Their relations with psychoanalysis proper have been evolving constantly since the first advances by Ferenczi. This long historical evolution has resulted in their redefinition. Psychoanalytic practices are currently considered to require, depending on the case, different settings and different modes of psychic involvement from the analyst. Contemporary psychoanalysis places emphasis on the internal setting of the analyst (thus his training), analysis of the countertransference, and the risk of anti-analytic aberrations.
精神分析并非旨在消除症状，而是将其作为心理功能的见证以及无意识的构成来加以审视。无论症状的本质如何，关键在于分析它们在分析过程中出现和发展时的成因及功能。后者是由该方法在特定情境中引发的移情关系所激活的。目标是实现解放性的心理转变。心理痛苦表现形式中适应症的扩展和变化促成了心理治疗的发展。自费伦齐的首次进展以来，它们与正统精神分析的关系一直在不断演变。这一漫长的历史演变导致了它们的重新定义。目前认为，精神分析实践根据具体情况需要分析师采用不同的情境和不同的心理参与模式。当代精神分析强调分析师的内部情境（因此也包括其培训）、反移情分析以及反分析偏差的风险。
