Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, NY, USA.
J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2012 Apr;20(4):233-41. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-20-04-233.
Aneurysmal bone cysts are rare skeletal tumors that most commonly occur in the first two decades of life. They primarily develop about the knee but may arise in any portion of the axial or appendicular skeleton. Pathogenesis of these tumors remains controversial and may be vascular, traumatic, or genetic. Radiographic features include a dilated, radiolucent lesion typically located within the metaphyseal portion of the bone, with fluid-fluid levels visible on MRI. Histologic features include blood-filled lakes interposed between fibrous stromata. Differential diagnosis includes conditions such as telangiectatic osteosarcoma and giant cell tumor. The mainstay of treatment is curettage and bone graft, with or without adjuvant treatment. Other management options include cryotherapy, sclerotherapy, radionuclide ablation, and en bloc resection. The recurrence rate is low after appropriate treatment; however, more than one procedure may be required to completely eradicate the lesion.
动脉瘤样骨囊肿是一种罕见的骨骼肿瘤，多见于生命的头 20 年。它们主要发生在膝关节附近，但也可发生在轴骨或附肢骨骼的任何部位。这些肿瘤的发病机制仍存在争议，可能与血管、创伤或遗传有关。影像学特征包括一个扩张的、透亮的病变，通常位于骨的干骺端部分，MRI 上可见液-液平面。组织学特征包括在纤维基质之间有充满血液的湖泊。鉴别诊断包括毛细血管扩张性骨肉瘤和巨细胞瘤等疾病。治疗的主要方法是刮除和植骨，可辅以辅助治疗。其他治疗方法包括冷冻疗法、硬化疗法、放射性核素消融和整块切除术。经过适当的治疗后，复发率较低；然而，为了彻底清除病变，可能需要不止一次的手术。
