Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2012 Apr;2(4):a007203. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a007203.
Recent years have seen a significant increase in understanding of the host genetic and genomic determinants of susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and disease progression, driven in large part by candidate gene studies, genome-wide association studies, genome-wide transcriptome analyses, and large-scale in vitro genome screens. These studies have identified common variants in some host loci that clearly influence disease progression, characterized the scale and dynamics of gene and protein expression changes in response to infection, and provided the first comprehensive catalogs of genes and pathways involved in viral replication. Experimental models of AIDS and studies in natural hosts of primate lentiviruses have complemented and in some cases extended these findings. As the relevant technology continues to progress, the expectation is that such studies will increase in depth (e.g., to include host whole exome and whole genome sequencing) and in breadth (in particular, by integrating multiple data types).
近年来，人们对宿主遗传和基因组决定因素对 HIV-1 感染和疾病进展的易感性有了更深入的了解，这在很大程度上是由候选基因研究、全基因组关联研究、全基因组转录组分析和大规模体外基因组筛选推动的。这些研究已经确定了一些宿主基因座中的常见变体，这些变体显然会影响疾病的进展，描述了基因和蛋白质表达变化对感染的规模和动态，并提供了参与病毒复制的基因和途径的第一个综合目录。艾滋病的实验模型和灵长类慢病毒天然宿主的研究补充了这些发现，并在某些情况下扩展了这些发现。随着相关技术的不断发展，预计这些研究将在深度（例如，包括宿主全外显子和全基因组测序）和广度（特别是通过整合多种数据类型）上不断增加。
