Wiesmann Ulrich, Hannich Hans-Joachim
Institute for Medical Psychology, Greifswald University Medicine, Germany.
Int J Aging Hum Dev. 2011;73(4):351-69. doi: 10.2190/AG.73.4.e.
This study examines the hypothesis that the outcome of the Eriksonian crisis of integrity vs. despair is dependent on successful coping with four developmental tasks: maintenance of active involvement, reevaluation of life satisfaction, developing a sense of health maintenance, and reevaluation of the sense of coherence (SOC). A selective sample of 170 rather healthy individuals at the mean age of 67 years filled out a questionnaire assessing everyday activities, satisfaction with past, present, and future life, healthy habits, SOC, and depression. In our final path-analytical model, the SOC had a significant direct effect on all endogenous variables; it also attenuated depression indirectly via activity and via satisfaction with present and future life. Satisfaction with present life showed the strongest mitigating direct effect on depression. The SOC is an important antecedent for successfully resolving the integrity vs. despair crisis, in that a strong SOC is a guiding force behind mastering the other three tasks.
埃里克森心理社会发展理论中自我整合与绝望阶段的结果取决于能否成功应对四项发展任务，即保持积极参与、重新评估生活满意度、培养健康维护意识以及重新评估连贯感（SOC）。从170名平均年龄为67岁的相对健康个体中选取的样本填写了一份问卷，该问卷评估日常活动、对过去、现在和未来生活的满意度、健康习惯、连贯感以及抑郁情况。在我们最终的路径分析模型中，连贯感对所有内生变量都有显著的直接影响；它还通过活动以及对现在和未来生活的满意度间接减轻抑郁。对现在生活的满意度对抑郁表现出最强的缓解直接效应。连贯感是成功解决自我整合与绝望危机的重要前提，因为强烈的连贯感是掌握其他三项任务背后的指导力量。
