Drash P W, Tudor R M
Anal Verbal Behav. 1993;11:19-29. doi: 10.1007/BF03392884.
Delays in acquiring age-appropriate verbal repertoires in preschool children with no known organic etiology may be explained by defective or absent behavior-environmental contingencies. This paper presents six possible behavioral paradigms that describe verbal episodes between parents and their preschool children and how these interactions may inhibit or prevent the acquisition of verbal behavior. These paradigms are contrasted with parent-child interactions that typically result in age-appropriate verbal repertoires. Identifying the reinforcement contingencies that produce delays in acquisition of verbal behavior could lead to the development of more effective behavioral programs for remediating nonorganic language delay. Recommendations for prevention, treatment and total recovery from functional verbal delay and associated mental retardation are presented. The relation between contingency-shaped and rule-governed behavior in the shaping of verbal behavior is discussed.
在没有已知器质性病因的学龄前儿童中，获得与其年龄相适应的言语技能出现延迟，可能是由有缺陷或不存在的行为-环境偶发事件所导致的。本文提出了六种可能的行为模式，描述了父母与学龄前儿童之间的言语事件，以及这些互动如何抑制或阻碍言语行为的习得。这些模式与通常会产生与其年龄相适应的言语技能的亲子互动形成对比。识别导致言语行为习得延迟的强化偶发事件，可能会促成更有效的行为方案的开发，以纠正非器质性语言延迟。文中还给出了预防、治疗功能性言语延迟及相关智力迟钝并实现完全康复的建议。同时也讨论了在言语行为塑造过程中，偶然形成的行为与规则支配的行为之间的关系。
