Interaction studies with moclobemide.

Drug interactions with moclobemide given to healthy subjects and depressed patients are reviewed. The drugs investigated for safety were antihypertensives, digoxin, oral contraceptives, anticoagulants and benzodiazepines. Cimetidine was studied for the pharmacokinetic effect, and possible interactions with alcohol (stimulation and/or sedation) were included. Finally, since inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO) can increase noradrenergic transmission, possible interaction with neuronal reuptake inhibitors such as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) was investigated. Whereas replacement of the older, irreversible MAO inhibitors by a TCA was held to be dangerous and to require a therapy-free interval, the studies reviewed here provide evidence that amitriptyline can replace or be added to moclobemide without any sign of impaired tolerance, need for dose reduction or a therapy-free interval. Combined administration of moclobemide and desipramine was also tolerated well. Moclobemide did not interact with the direct-interacting sympathomimetics norepinephrine and isoproterenol and only to a negligible extent with phenylephrine. The combination of moclobemide with antihypertensive agents did not cause postural hypotension or an increase in other side effects. No clinically relevant interaction was observed between moclobemide and phenprocoumon, glibenclamide, oral contraceptives, digoxin or benzodiazepines. Cimetidine increased the concentration of moclobemide in plasma after a single oral dose by about 100%. If moclobemide is to be used in a patient pretreated with cimetidine, treatment should therefore start with the lowest therapeutic dose and then be adjusted to clinical needs. Since moclobemide is devoid of anticholinergic effects, no interaction with alcohol was anticipated. High therapeutic doses (600 mg/day) induced an effect similar to that of low doses of a TCA, but with 100-300 mg no interaction with alcohol was seen, even in elderly people.