Smith Frances O
Orthopedic Foundation for Animals, Inc, 2300 East Nifong Boulevard, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2012 May;42(3):489-99, vi. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2012.02.001.
Clinicians in private practice, specialty practice, and emergency clinic settings are likely to be presented with bitches and queens with parturition emergencies. Parameters for the identification of dystocia include prolonged parturition, collapse of the dam, abnormal vaginal discharge, prolonged labor, prolonged interval between delivery of neonates, uterine inertia, malpresentation of the fetus, and large litter sizes. Methods for the diagnosis of dystocia are discussed. Resolution of parturition emergencies may be achieved through manipulative, medical, or surgical methods, although the great percentage of dystocia will require surgical intervention. Techniques for medical and surgical interception are discussed.
在私人诊所、专科诊所和急诊诊所工作的临床医生很可能会遇到患有分娩紧急情况的母犬和母猫。难产的识别参数包括分娩时间延长、母畜虚脱、异常阴道分泌物、产程延长、新生儿分娩间隔延长、子宫收缩乏力、胎儿胎位不正以及产仔数过多。本文讨论了难产的诊断方法。尽管大部分难产需要手术干预，但分娩紧急情况的解决可以通过手法、药物或手术方法来实现。本文还讨论了药物和手术干预的技术。
