Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
Biodegradation. 2012 Sep;23(5):739-49. doi: 10.1007/s10532-012-9549-6. Epub 2012 Apr 8.
In biological nitrogen removal, application of the autotrophic anammox process is gaining ground worldwide. Although this field has been widely researched in last years, some aspects as the accelerating effect of putative intermediates (mainly N₂H₄ and NH₂OH) need more specific investigation. In the current study, experiments in a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) and batch tests were performed to evaluate the optimum concentrations of anammox process intermediates that accelerate the autotrophic nitrogen removal and mitigate a decrease in the anammox bacteria activity using anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) biomass enriched on ring-shaped biofilm carriers. Anammox biomass was previously grown on blank biofilm carriers for 450 days at moderate temperature 26.0 (±0.5) °C by using sludge reject water as seeding material. FISH analysis revealed that anammox microorganisms were located in clusters in the biofilm. With addition of 1.27 and 1.31 mg N L⁻¹ of each NH₂OH and N₂H₄, respectively, into the MBBR total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency was rapidly restored after inhibitions by NO₂⁻. Various combinations of N₂H₄, NH₂OH, NH₄⁺, and NO₂⁻ were used as batch substrates. The highest total nitrogen (TN) removal rate with the optimum N₂H₄ concentration (4.38 mg N L⁻¹) present in these batches was 5.43 mg N g⁻¹ TSS h⁻¹, whereas equimolar concentrations of N₂H₄ and NH₂OH added together showed lower TN removal rates. Intermediates could be applied in practice to contribute to the recovery of inhibition-damaged wastewater treatment facilities using anammox technology.
在生物脱氮领域，自养厌氧氨氧化工艺的应用正在全球范围内得到推广。尽管近年来该领域已得到广泛研究，但仍有一些方面需要进一步研究，例如推测的中间产物（主要是 N₂H₄ 和 NH₂OH）的加速效应。在当前的研究中，通过在移动床生物膜反应器（MBBR）和批量试验中进行实验，评估了最佳的厌氧氨氧化过程中间产物浓度，这些中间产物可以加速自养氮去除，并减轻厌氧氨氧化（anaerobic ammonium oxidation）生物量活性的下降，所用的厌氧氨氧化生物量是在 26.0（±0.5）°C 的温和温度下，使用污泥废水作为接种材料，在环形生物膜载体上富集厌氧氨氧化生物量 450 天后获得的。FISH 分析表明，厌氧氨氧化微生物在生物膜中呈簇状分布。当向 MBBR 中分别添加 1.27 和 1.31 mg N L⁻¹ 的 NH₂OH 和 N₂H₄ 时，NO₂⁻抑制后总氮（TN）去除效率迅速恢复。在这些批次中，使用了各种 N₂H₄、NH₂OH、NH₄⁺和 NO₂⁻组合作为批量底物。当 N₂H₄ 浓度为 4.38 mg N L⁻¹ 时，总氮（TN）去除率最高，达到 5.43 mg N g⁻¹ TSS h⁻¹，而当 N₂H₄ 和 NH₂OH 等摩尔浓度一起添加时，TN 去除率较低。中间产物可应用于实际中，有助于恢复使用厌氧氨氧化技术的受抑制废水处理设施。
