Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola d'Enginyera, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
J Environ Manage. 2012 Aug 15;104:114-20. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.03.039. Epub 2012 Apr 7.
Ultraviolet (UV) filters are xenobiotic compounds that can enter the environment through the liquid effluent of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and through adsorption in the sludge by-product because of their high hydrophobicity, as the sludge is subsequently applied as a fertiliser. A solid-state treatment of WWTP sludge with the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor is reported in the present work as a feasible method for UV filter degradation, with reductions ranging from 87% in the case of 3-(4'-methylbenzylidene) camphor (4-MBC) to 100% for benzophenone-3 (BP3) and its metabolite 4,4'-dihydroxybenzophenone (4DHB). This study represents a first step in the development of a future fungal treatment for UV filters; thus, it is essential to prove that elimination is due only to the action of the fungus and not that of other microorganisms. To this end, the sludge was sterilised prior to fungal treatment. Biological assays indicate that T. versicolor readily eliminates oestrogenic activity, although it may be inefficient at eliminating other compounds, including some with dioxin-like activity. Degradation studies of 4-MBC in liquid media were also performed, and complete removal was achieved in less than 24 h. The main metabolites were identified, and the first steps of the transformation pathway were elucidated: a mono- or di-hydroxylation by cytochrome P450 and a subsequent conjugation with a pentose. None of 4-MBC transformation products was found to be responsible for increased dioxin-like activity in the sludge.
紫外线 (UV) 过滤器是一种异生物质化合物，由于其高疏水性，它们可以通过污水处理厂 (WWTP) 的液体废水和通过污泥副产物中的吸附进入环境，因为污泥随后被用作肥料。本工作报道了一种用白腐真菌糙皮侧耳（Trametes versicolor）对 WWTP 污泥进行固态处理的可行方法，用于 UV 过滤器降解，其中 3-(4'-甲基亚苄基)樟脑 (4-MBC) 的降解率从 87%到苯并酮-3 (BP3) 及其代谢物 4,4'-二羟基苯甲酮 (4DHB) 的 100%不等。这项研究代表了未来真菌处理 UV 过滤器的第一步，因此，必须证明消除仅归因于真菌的作用，而不是其他微生物的作用。为此，在真菌处理之前对污泥进行了灭菌。生物测定表明，糙皮侧耳很容易消除雌激素活性，尽管它可能无法有效消除其他化合物，包括一些具有类二恶英活性的化合物。还在液体培养基中进行了 4-MBC 的降解研究，在不到 24 小时内就实现了完全去除。鉴定了主要代谢产物，并阐明了转化途径的第一步：细胞色素 P450 的单或双羟化作用，以及随后与戊糖的结合。未发现 4-MBC 转化产物中的任何一种会导致污泥中二恶英样活性增加。
