Graduate School of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Japan.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2014 Feb;24(1):98-110. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2012.01460.x. Epub 2012 Apr 11.
Beginning Movement Load (BML) training is a unique form of light-load training that comprises a lengthening-shortening sequence of muscle actions about multiple degrees of freedom. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of BML training at improving the performance of old adults on four functional tasks and to identify some of the neuromuscular adaptations that contributed to these gains. Healthy old adults (67.5 ± 5.23 years) were randomly assigned to either a BML training group (n = 17) or a control group (n = 7). The training group exercised with a 30% of the one repetition-maximum (1-RM) load and performed five to seven sets of 15 repetitions, three times per week for 8 weeks. BML training increased maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force significantly for the knee extensors (31.6%), but not the elbow flexors (9.8%), and improved the steadiness of isometric contractions (10%, 30%, and 65% MVC forces). Training-associated changes in times for ascending and descending stairs and one-legged balance, but not the chair rise, were predicted by changes in selected combinations of MVC force and steadiness. The attributes of BML training that enabled it to elicit functionally meaningful adaptations in the neuromuscular system of older adults should be explored with more mechanistic studies.
起始运动负荷（BML）训练是一种独特的轻负荷训练形式，包括多个自由度的肌肉动作的拉长-缩短序列。本研究的目的是确定 BML 训练在提高老年人四项功能性任务表现方面的有效性，并确定一些促成这些收益的神经肌肉适应性。健康的老年人（67.5±5.23 岁）被随机分配到 BML 训练组（n=17）或对照组（n=7）。训练组以 1 次重复最大负荷（1-RM）的 30%进行运动，每周进行 3 次，每次 5-7 组，每组 15 次，持续 8 周。BML 训练显著增加了膝关节伸肌的最大自主收缩（MVC）力（31.6%），但对肱二头肌的 MVC 力没有影响（9.8%），并提高了等长收缩的稳定性（10%、30%和 65% MVC 力）。与楼梯上下和单腿平衡相关的训练相关变化，而不是椅子上升，可通过 MVC 力和稳定性的某些组合的变化来预测。应该通过更具机制性的研究来探索 BML 训练在老年人群的神经肌肉系统中引发具有功能意义的适应性的属性。
