Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia, 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy.
Carbohydr Res. 2012 Jul 15;356:62-74. doi: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.03.009. Epub 2012 Mar 23.
In this work, carbohydrate-based systems designed as artificial ion transporters have been surveyed. Despite the large structural diversity and ease of manipulations of carbohydrates, in principle endowed with a variety of desirable properties for ionophoric activity, only few examples of sugar-containing compounds have been reported in the literature for these purposes. The most remarkable example is the family of modified β-cyclodextrins, resulting in active cation and/or anion transporters when long, flexible n-alkyl or oligo-ethylene or butylene glycol chains are appended at the lower rim of the macrocycle. Interesting features have been also found in amphiphilic CyPLOS (Cyclic Phosphate-Linked Oligosaccharide) dimers, that is macrocycles with two phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside residues, 4,6-linked through phosphodiester bonds, derivatized with tetraethylene glycol tentacles. A wider repertoire of available carbohydrate-based scaffolds is expected to largely stimulate the discovery of novel, efficient artificial ionophores, of great interest for both technological and biomedical applications.
本文综述了基于碳水化合物的人工离子载体系统。尽管碳水化合物具有很大的结构多样性和易于操作的特点，原则上具有各种理想的离子亲和活性特性，但文献中仅报道了少数几种含糖化合物可用于这些目的。最显著的例子是经过修饰的β-环糊精家族，当大环的下边缘上连接长的、柔性的 n-烷基或聚乙二醇或丁二醇链时，其成为有效的阳离子和/或阴离子载体。在两亲性 CyPLOS（环状磷酸连接寡糖）二聚体中也发现了有趣的特性，即大环中有两个通过磷酸二酯键 4,6-连接的苯-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷残基，并用四乙二醇触手进行衍生化。预期更广泛的可用基于碳水化合物的支架 repertoire 将极大地刺激新型、高效的人工离子载体的发现，这对技术和生物医学应用都非常有意义。
