Aschauhof, Altenhof, Germany.
Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2012 Apr;67(4):237-41. doi: 10.1097/OGX.0b013e31824c94ad.
The age of menarche is usually considered to be affected by nutritional, health-related, social, and economic factors and has significantly decreased since the mid-19th century. The present study was performed to investigate whether the timing of menarche paralleled the general acceleration of physical development, or whether this pattern differed.
In all, 30 German studies on menarcheal age (n = >200) since 1848 were collected. Frequency distributions were analyzed.
During the second half of the 19th and the early 20th century, mean menarcheal age decreased from 18 to 12-13 years in Europe. Yet, the data fail to support the conventional hypothesis that menarcheal age mainly depends on nutritional, health, and economic factors.
We suggest that later than usual menarche may not necessarily be regarded as a physical illness, but in view of the apparently physiological delay of menarche in the 19th century, may be viewed as "collective social amenorrhea."
Obstetricians & Gynecologists and Family Physicians.
After participating in this CME activity, physicians should be better able to evaluate menarche as an indicator of developmental tempo in both historical and modern settings, compare menarche in healthy mid-19th century girls with menarche in average modern girls, and assess the marked sensitivity of full pubertal development to environmental circumstances.
初潮年龄通常被认为受到营养、健康相关、社会和经济因素的影响，自 19 世纪中叶以来显著下降。本研究旨在调查初潮时间是否与身体发育的普遍加速相吻合，还是存在差异。
共收集了自 1848 年以来 30 项关于初潮年龄的德国研究（n>200）。分析了频率分布。
在 19 世纪后半叶和 20 世纪初，欧洲女性的平均初潮年龄从 18 岁降至 12-13 岁。然而，这些数据并不支持初潮年龄主要取决于营养、健康和经济因素的传统假说。
我们认为，晚于通常的初潮不一定被视为身体疾病，但考虑到 19 世纪初潮明显延迟的情况，可能被视为“集体社会闭经”。
妇产科医生和家庭医生。
参加本次 CME 活动后，医生应能够更好地评估初潮作为历史和现代背景下发育速度的指标，将健康的 19 世纪中期女孩的初潮与现代平均女孩的初潮进行比较，并评估完全青春期发育对环境的敏感性。
