Effect of iron chelation on myocardial infarct size and oxidative stress in ST-elevation-myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND

Experimental studies suggest that deferoxamine (DFO) limits the generation of reactive oxygen species by chelating redox-active iron and thereby may reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury and myocardial infarct (MI) size. We investigated whether DFO administered before reperfusion by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) would ameliorate oxidative stress and MI size.

METHODS AND RESULTS

We randomly assigned 60 patients with ST-elevation-MI to receive an intravenous bolus of DFO (500 mg) immediately before PPCI followed by a 12-hour infusion (50 mg/kg of body weight) (n=28) or normal saline bolus and infusion (placebo group, n=32). MI size was measured by contrast-enhanced cardiac MRI (CMRI; day 3±1), creatine kinase and troponin I area-under-the-curve, and severity of wall motion abnormality on echocardiography. Clinical follow-up including repeat CMRI and echocardiography were performed at 3 months (100±17 days). Oxidative stress was assessed by plasma F(2)-isoprostane levels. DFO and placebo groups were well balanced with respect to baseline characteristics, symptom- and door-to-balloon times, pre-PPCI coronary patency, and infarct-related artery location. Serum iron levels were decreased with DFO treatment after PPCI compared with placebo (3.0±2.5 versus 12.6±5.5 μmol/L, P<0.0001), which persisted until the end of the infusion. In DFO-treated patients, there was a significant reduction in plasma F(2)-isoprostane levels immediately after PPCI (2878±1461 versus 2213±579 pmol/L, P=0.04). However, there was no difference in CMRI-determined infarct size (DFO, 17.4±10.8%, versus placebo, 18.6±10.2%; P=0.73), myocardial salvage index at 3 days or at 3 months, or the area-under-the-curve for creatine kinase or troponin I.

CONCLUSIONS

Adjunctive DFO treatment after the onset of ischemia and continued periprocedurally ameliorates oxidative stress without limiting infarct size.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION

URL: http://www.anzctr.org.au/. Unique identifier: ACTRN12608000308392.