School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Askew Street, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, LL59 5AB, UK.
J Fish Biol. 2012 Apr;80(5):1619-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03210.x. Epub 2012 Feb 21.
This paper presents data from the first major survey of the diversity, biology and fisheries of elasmobranchs in the Persian (Arabian) Gulf. Substantial landings of elasmobranchs, usually as gillnet by-catch, were recorded in Kuwait, Qatar and the Emirate of Abu Dhabi (part of the United Arab Emirates), although larger elasmobranchs from targeted line fisheries were landed in Abu Dhabi. The elasmobranch fauna recorded was distinctive and included species that are undescribed, rare and have a highly restricted known distribution. Numerical abundance was dominated by sharks (c. 80%), of which carcharhinids were by far the most important. The milk shark Rhizoprionodon acutus and whitecheek shark Carcharhinus dussumieri together comprised just under half of all recorded individuals. Around 90% of recorded sharks were small (50-90 cm total length, L(T) ) individuals, most of which were mature individuals of species with a small maximum size (<100 cm L(T) ), although immature individuals of larger species (e.g. Carcharhinus sorrah and other Carcharhinus spp.) were also important. The most frequently recorded batoid taxa were cownose rays Rhinoptera spp., an undescribed whipray, and the granulated guitarfish Rhinobatos granulatus. The first size, sex and maturity data for a wide range of Gulf elasmobranch species are presented (including L(T) at 50% maturity for males of four shark species) and include some notable differences from other locations in the Indo-West Pacific Ocean. A number of concerns regarding the sustainability of the fishery were highlighted by this study, notably that most of the batoid species recorded are classed by the IUCN Red List as vulnerable, endangered, data deficient or not evaluated. Despite their considerable elasmobranch landings, none of the three countries sampled have developed a 'Shark Plan' as encouraged to do so under the FAO International Plan of Action: Sharks. Furthermore, Kuwait and Qatar currently report zero or no elasmobranch landings to the FAO.
本文提供了波斯湾（阿拉伯湾）鲨鱼多样性、生物学和渔业的首次大型调查数据。科威特、卡塔尔和阿布扎比酋长国（阿拉伯联合酋长国的一部分）记录了大量的鲨鱼捕捞量，通常是刺网副渔获物，但阿布扎比通过延绳钓渔业捕获了更大的鲨鱼。记录的鲨鱼种类独特，包括未描述、罕见且已知分布范围极窄的物种。数量优势由鲨鱼（约 80%）主导，其中长尾真鲨是最重要的。斜齿鲨 Rhizoprionodon acutus 和白鳍真鲨 Carcharhinus dussumieri 合起来占所有记录个体的近一半。记录的鲨鱼中约 90%是小个体（全长 50-90 厘米，L(T)），其中大部分是最大体型较小的物种（<100 厘米 L(T)）的成熟个体，尽管较大物种（如 Carcharhinus sorrah 和其他 Carcharhinus 种）的未成熟个体也很重要。记录频率最高的扁鲨类群是长尾真鲨属的牛鼻鲼、一种未描述的长尾 whipray 和粗皮真鲨 Rhinobatos granulatus。本文首次提供了广泛的海湾鲨鱼物种的大小、性别和成熟度数据（包括四种鲨鱼雄性的 50%成熟体长 L(T)），并包括了一些与印度洋-西太平洋其他地区不同的显著差异。这项研究突出了一些关于渔业可持续性的问题，特别是记录的大多数扁鲨物种被 IUCN 红色名录列为易危、濒危、数据不足或未评估。尽管这三个国家的鲨鱼捕捞量相当大，但没有一个国家制定了 FAO 鼓励制定的《鲨鱼行动计划》，尽管该计划鼓励他们这样做。此外，科威特和卡塔尔目前向 FAO 报告的鲨鱼捕捞量为零或没有。
