United States Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, WI, USA.
Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2013 Jan;7(1):85-92. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00358.x. Epub 2012 Apr 12.
Low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIV) have been reported in shorebirds, especially at Delaware Bay, USA, during spring migration. However, data on patterns of virus excretion, minimal infectious doses, and clinical outcome are lacking. The ruddy turnstone (Arenaria interpres) is the shorebird species with the highest prevalence of influenza virus at Delaware Bay.
The primary objective of this study was to experimentally assess the patterns of influenza virus excretion, minimal infectious doses, and clinical outcome in ruddy turnstones.
We experimentally challenged ruddy turnstones using a common LPAIV shorebird isolate, an LPAIV waterfowl isolate, or a highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus. Cloacal and oral swabs and sera were analyzed from each bird.
Most ruddy turnstones had pre-existing antibodies to avian influenza virus, and many were infected at the time of capture. The infectious doses for each challenge virus were similar (10(3·6) -10(4·16) EID(50)), regardless of exposure history. All infected birds excreted similar amounts of virus and showed no clinical signs of disease or mortality. Influenza A-specific antibodies remained detectable for at least 2 months after inoculation.
These results provide a reference for interpretation of surveillance data, modeling, and predicting the risks of avian influenza transmission and movement in these important hosts.
低致病性禽流感病毒（LPAIV）已在涉禽中被报道，尤其是在美国特拉华湾，正值春季迁徙期间。然而，有关病毒排泄模式、最小感染剂量和临床结果的数据尚不清楚。红腹滨鹬是特拉华湾感染流感病毒比例最高的涉禽物种。
本研究的主要目的是通过实验评估红腹滨鹬的流感病毒排泄模式、最小感染剂量和临床结果。
我们使用一种常见的 LPAIV 涉禽分离株、一种 LPAIV 水禽分离株或一种高致病性 H5N1 禽流感病毒对红腹滨鹬进行了实验性挑战。从每只鸟采集泄殖腔和口腔拭子和血清进行分析。
大多数红腹滨鹬已经对禽流感病毒产生了预先存在的抗体，而且许多鸟在被捕时已经感染。每种挑战病毒的感染剂量相似（10(3·6) -10(4·16) EID(50)），无论暴露史如何。所有感染的鸟类排泄的病毒量相似，没有出现疾病或死亡的临床症状。接种后至少 2 个月内仍能检测到流感 A 特异性抗体。
这些结果为解释监测数据、建模和预测这些重要宿主中禽流感传播和移动的风险提供了参考。
