Hetzel Basil S
Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide SA 5006, Australia.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2012;21(2):164-70.
Iodine deficiency is the most common preventable cause of brain damage with more than 2 billion people from 130 countries at risk. The global problem of iodine deficiency has been redefined by a readily transmitted population concept, with an easy acronym - the concept of the iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) - referring to all the effects of iodine deficiency in a population, that can be totally prevented by correction of iodine deficiency with special emphasis on brain damage and not just to goitre and cretinism (1983). This was followed by the creation of the International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (ICCIDD) supported by WHO and UNICEF with 700 multidisciplinary professionals from more than 100 countries, committed to providing technical assistance to national programs for the elimination of IDD (1986). The WHO policy of Universal Salt Iodization (USI) has been widely adopted which requires iodization of all food for human and animal consumption by the use of iodized salt (25-40 mg I/kilo). Simple practical methods for monitoring - by the measurement of salt iodine and urine iodine were developed and promoted on a large scale with the technical assistance of the ICCIDD.
碘缺乏是最常见的可预防的脑损伤原因，来自130个国家的20多亿人面临风险。碘缺乏这一全球性问题已通过一个易于传播的群体概念重新定义，这个概念有一个简单的首字母缩写词——碘缺乏病（IDD）概念，它指的是碘缺乏对一个群体造成的所有影响，通过纠正碘缺乏（特别强调脑损伤，而不仅仅是甲状腺肿和克汀病），这些影响完全可以预防（1983年）。随后，在世界卫生组织（WHO）和联合国儿童基金会（UNICEF）的支持下，成立了国际碘缺乏病控制理事会（ICCIDD），来自100多个国家的700名多学科专业人员致力于为各国消除碘缺乏病的项目提供技术援助（1986年）。WHO的全民食盐加碘（USI）政策已被广泛采用，该政策要求通过使用加碘盐（25 - 40毫克碘/千克）对所有供人类和动物食用的食物进行加碘。在ICCIDD的技术援助下，开发并大规模推广了通过测量盐碘和尿碘进行监测的简单实用方法。
