Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão, Morro do Lena, Alto Vieiro, 2401-951 Leiria, Portugal.
Water Sci Technol. 2012;65(9):1667-75. doi: 10.2166/wst.2012.061.
This paper presents a new approach to divide large Water Distribution Networks (WDN) into suitable District Metered Areas (DMAs). It uses a hydraulic simulator and two operational models to identify the optimal number of DMAs, their entry points and boundary valves, and the network reinforcement/replacement needs throughout the project plan. The first model divides the WDN into suitable DMAs based on graph theory concepts and some user-defined criteria. The second model uses a simulated annealing algorithm to identify the optimal number and location of entry points and boundary valves, and the pipes reinforcement/replacement, necessary to meet the velocity and pressure requirements. The objective function is the difference between the economic benefits in terms of water loss reduction (arising from the average pressure reduction) and the cost of implementing the DMAs. To illustrate the proposed methodology, the results from a hypothetical case study are presented and discussed.
本文提出了一种将大型供水管网（WDN）划分为合适的分区计量区域（DMA）的新方法。它使用水力模拟器和两个运行模型来确定最佳的 DMA 数量、它们的入口点和边界阀，以及整个项目计划中的管网加强/更换需求。第一个模型基于图论概念和一些用户定义的标准将 WDN 划分为合适的 DMA。第二个模型使用模拟退火算法来确定最佳的入口点和边界阀的数量和位置，以及必要的管道加强/更换，以满足速度和压力要求。目标函数是减少漏损（由于平均压力降低而产生）所带来的经济效益与实施 DMA 的成本之间的差异。为了说明所提出的方法，给出并讨论了一个假设的案例研究结果。
