Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation of Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2013 Jun;20(3):468-79. doi: 10.1177/2047487312446137. Epub 2012 Apr 16.
Over the past decades undisputable evidence has accumulated identifying the panoply of beneficial effects of exercise training, smoking cessation, blood pressure lowering, glycaemic and lipid control, as well as psycho-social interventions on cardiovascular risk factors, the well-being, morbidity and mortality of patients with cardiac diseases with or without acute events. Nevertheless, despite all the evidence, insurance companies are more than hesitant to provide patients with an adequate infrastructure to allow outpatient cardiac rehabilitation in their community. Whereas some countries still favour in-hospital rehabilitation, others are on the verge of introducing cardiac rehabilitation for the first time. Thanks to the efforts of the Working Group of Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation of the Austrian Cardiac Society, detailed guidelines for outpatient cardiac rehabilitation have been introduced, which not only include aims, contents and duration of outpatient cardiac rehabilitation, but also requirements for staff, quality of care and infrastructure. As a result cardiac rehabilitation in Austria is currently undergoing a transition process from exclusive in-hospital cardiac rehabilitation to a more open approach of granting patients a choice between in-hospital and outpatient rehabilitation. Experience gained appears relevant to a great number of colleagues in many countries Europe - as well as worldwide. Since these guidelines were and still are the basis for implementing outpatient cardiac rehabilitation, they are presented in great detail, so that they may either be applied as is or simply stimulate discussion.
在过去的几十年中，无可争议的证据积累表明，运动训练、戒烟、降低血压、血糖和血脂控制以及心理社会干预对心血管危险因素、有或没有急性事件的心脏病患者的幸福感、发病率和死亡率都有广泛的有益影响。尽管有所有这些证据，保险公司仍然犹豫不决，不愿为患者提供适当的基础设施，使其能够在社区中进行门诊心脏康复。一些国家仍然倾向于院内康复，而另一些国家则即将首次引入心脏康复。由于奥地利心脏病学会门诊心脏康复工作组的努力，详细的门诊心脏康复指南已经出台，不仅包括门诊心脏康复的目标、内容和持续时间，还包括对员工、护理质量和基础设施的要求。因此，奥地利的心脏康复目前正在经历一个从单纯院内心脏康复到更开放的患者选择院内或门诊康复的过渡过程。在许多欧洲国家以及全球范围内，许多同事都获得了相关经验。由于这些指南曾经是、现在仍然是实施门诊心脏康复的基础，因此它们被详细呈现，以便可以直接应用或仅仅激发讨论。
