Zhang Wen-Bin, Yu Hui
Research Center of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2012 Feb;33(2):399-406.
In order to understand the vertical distribution characteristics of nutrients and heavy metals in sediments of Lake Hongze, three core sediment samples at 3 sites (one near the Huaihe River inlet of Lake Hongze, one at the western part of the lake and one at the lake center) were collected in June of 2008. By measurement of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Fe, Al, Cr, Hg, Mn, As) and by analyzing of their vertical characteristics, investigation revealed the nutrient evolution processes and pollution history. Sediment near Huaihe river mouth was more polluted by the Huaihe River watershed. The nutrients TN, TP and organic matter (OM) concentrations in this core sample were 390.8-643.7, 428.6-538.6, 5 194.3-9 164.9 mg x kg(-1) respectively. Zn, Cd, Al, Fe and Mn in the sediment in this area were affected by human activities less than other heavy metals. Western Lake sediment was affected by the Huaihe River, inlet river and human activities in cities along western lake shoreline. TN, TP and OM concentrations in this core sample were 633.4-2 677.3, 480.0-1115.9, 7 140.8-47 849.7 mg x kg(-1) respectively. The pollution extents of TN, OM and heavy metals in sediment were exacerbated since the late of 1970s, but the situation was improved since the 1990s. As and Cr in the sediments were influenced by human activities more than other heavy metals. Main pollution source in sediment at the lake center were detritus from the lake watershed. TN, TP and OM concentrations in this core sample were 904.7-1 585.4, 526.3-750.1, 10 635.6-19 020.6 mg x kg(-1) respectively. The correlations among nutrients and heavy metals in sediment are significant, and their vertical distribution patterns were similar. The concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals increased from bottom to surface. Nutrients and heavy metal pollution in sediment had the same vertical distribution characteristics which coincided with the lake watershed economic development stage. The sediment in Lake Hongze can be described by the Turbidity Flood Model.
为了解洪泽湖沉积物中营养物质和重金属的垂直分布特征，于2008年6月在3个地点采集了3个岩芯沉积物样本（一个靠近洪泽湖淮河入水口，一个在湖西部，一个在湖心）。通过测量总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）和重金属（铜、锌、铅、镉、铁、铝、铬、汞、锰、砷）并分析其垂直特征，调查揭示了营养物质的演化过程和污染历史。淮河河口附近的沉积物受淮河流域污染更严重。该岩芯样本中的营养物质TN、TP和有机质（OM）浓度分别为390.8 - 643.7、428.6 - 538.6、5194.3 - 9164.9 mg·kg⁻¹。该区域沉积物中的锌、镉、铝、铁和锰受人类活动影响小于其他重金属。湖西部沉积物受淮河、入湖河流以及湖西岸沿线城市人类活动的影响。该岩芯样本中的TN、TP和OM浓度分别为633.4 - 2677.3、480.0 - 1115.9、7140.8 - 47849.7 mg·kg⁻¹。自20世纪70年代末以来，沉积物中TN、OM和重金属的污染程度加剧，但自20世纪90年代以来情况有所改善。沉积物中的砷和铬受人类活动影响大于其他重金属。湖心沉积物的主要污染源是湖泊流域的碎屑。该岩芯样本中的TN、TP和OM浓度分别为904.7 - 1585.4、526.3 - 750.1、10635.6 - 19020.6 mg·kg⁻¹。沉积物中营养物质与重金属之间的相关性显著，且它们的垂直分布模式相似。营养物质和重金属的浓度从底部到表层增加。沉积物中营养物质和重金属污染具有相同的垂直分布特征，这与湖泊流域经济发展阶段相吻合。洪泽湖的沉积物可用浊流洪水模型来描述。
