Scholl Katlyn, Allen Julie M, Leendertz Fabian H, Chapman Colin A, Reed David L
Florida Museum of Natural History, Dickinson Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
J Parasitol. 2012 Oct;98(5):930-7. doi: 10.1645/GE-3060.1. Epub 2012 Apr 17.
Parasitic lice have been valuable informants of their host's evolutionary history because they complete their entire life cycle on the host and move between hosts primarily through direct host-to-host contact. Therefore, lice are confined to their hosts both in ecological and evolutionary time. Lice on great apes have been studied to examine details of their host's evolutionary history; however, species of Pedicinus, which parasitize the Old World monkeys, are less well known. We sampled lice from 2 groups of red colobus (Procolobus spp.) in Kibale National Park in Uganda and from red colobus and black and white colobus (Procolobus polycomos) in Taï National Park in Côte d'Ivoire. We used next-generation sequencing data analysis and the human body louse (Pediculus humanus humanus) genome to search for microsatellites for population genetic studies of Pedicinus lice. The 96 primer sets for microsatellite loci designed from the human body louse genome failed to amplify microsatellites in Pedicinus sp., perhaps due to the fast rate of evolution in parasitic lice. Of 63 microsatellites identified by next-generation sequencing data analysis of Pedicinus sp., 12 were variable among populations and 9 were variable within a single population. Our results suggest that these loci will be useful across the genus Pedicinus. We found that the lice in Uganda are not structured according to their hosts' social group; rather, 2 non-interbreeding populations of lice were found on both groups of red colobus. Because direct host-to-host contact is usually required for lice to move among hosts, these lice could be useful for identification and study of behavioral interactions between primate species.
寄生虱一直是研究其宿主进化历史的重要信息源，因为它们在宿主身上完成整个生命周期，并且主要通过宿主之间的直接接触在宿主间转移。因此，虱子在生态和进化时间上都与宿主紧密相连。人们对大猩猩身上的虱子进行了研究，以探究其宿主进化历史的细节；然而，寄生于旧世界猴的佩氏虱属物种却鲜为人知。我们从乌干达基巴莱国家公园的两组红疣猴（Procolobus spp.）以及科特迪瓦塔伊国家公园的红疣猴和黑白疣猴（Procolobus polycomos）身上采集了虱子样本。我们利用下一代测序数据分析和人体虱（Pediculus humanus humanus）基因组来寻找微卫星，用于佩氏虱的群体遗传学研究。从人体虱基因组设计的96组微卫星位点引物未能扩增出佩氏虱属中的微卫星，这可能是由于寄生虱进化速度较快所致。通过对佩氏虱属的下一代测序数据分析鉴定出的63个微卫星中，有12个在群体间存在差异，9个在单个群体内存在差异。我们的结果表明，这些位点对整个佩氏虱属都将有用。我们发现，乌干达的虱子并非按照其宿主的社会群体结构分布；相反，在两组红疣猴身上都发现了两个不杂交的虱子群体。由于虱子通常需要宿主之间的直接接触才能在宿主间移动，这些虱子可用于识别和研究灵长类物种之间的行为相互作用。
