Department of Health Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
Neuroimage. 2012 Nov 1;63(2):921-35. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.03.049. Epub 2012 Mar 28.
This review is aimed at celebrating the upcoming 20th anniversary of the birth of human functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). After the discovery in 1992 that the functional activation of the human cerebral cortex (due to oxygenation and hemodynamic changes) can be explored by NIRS, human functional brain mapping research has gained a new dimension. fNIRS or optical topography, or near-infrared imaging or diffuse optical imaging is used mainly to detect simultaneous changes in optical properties of the human cortex from multiple measurement sites and displays the results in the form of a map or image over a specific area. In order to place current fNIRS research in its proper context, this paper presents a brief historical overview of the events that have shaped the present status of fNIRS. In particular, technological progresses of fNIRS are highlighted (i.e., from single-site to multi-site functional cortical measurements (images)), introduction of the commercial multi-channel systems, recent commercial wireless instrumentation and more advanced prototypes.
这篇综述旨在庆祝人类功能性近红外光谱（fNIRS）诞生 20 周年。1992 年发现，通过近红外光谱（NIRS）可以探测人类大脑皮层的功能激活（由于氧合和血液动力学变化），此后，人类功能性脑映射研究有了新的维度。fNIRS 或光学层析成像，或近红外成像或漫射光学成像主要用于从多个测量点检测人类皮层光学性质的同时变化，并以特定区域的地图或图像形式显示结果。为了将当前的 fNIRS 研究置于适当的背景下，本文简要回顾了塑造 fNIRS 现状的历史事件。特别是，突出了 fNIRS 的技术进展（即从单部位到多部位功能皮质测量（图像））、商业多通道系统的引入、最近的商业无线仪器以及更先进的原型。
