Prescrire Int. 2012 Apr;21(126):97.
Bupropion, an amphetamine, is authorised as an aid to smoking cessation, despite its negative harm-benefit balance. In 2004, data from a registry of pregnancies exposed to bupropion drew attention to an increased risk of congenital heart defects. In 2010, a case-control study including more than 10 000 children showed a higher incidence of in utero exposure to bupropion among children who had congenital left heart defects. Other, less reliable studies did not show such a link. In practice, this risk of congenital heart defects is yet another reason to avoid using bupropion, including during pregnancy, and to monitor the cardiac status of exposed fetuses and newborns.
安非他酮，一种安非他明类药物，尽管其有害效益比为负，但仍被批准用于辅助戒烟。2004年，一项关于孕期接触安非他酮的登记数据引起了人们对先天性心脏缺陷风险增加的关注。2010年，一项纳入10000多名儿童的病例对照研究表明，先天性左心缺陷儿童在子宫内接触安非他酮的发生率更高。其他不太可靠的研究并未显示出这种关联。实际上，先天性心脏缺陷的这种风险是避免使用安非他酮的又一个理由，包括在孕期，并且要监测接触过该药物的胎儿和新生儿的心脏状况。
