Chelyabinsk State University, Russia.
Int J Immunogenet. 2012 Oct;39(5):394-408. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-313X.2012.01117.x. Epub 2012 Apr 20.
We have characterized the HLA-A, -B, -DRB1, -DQA1 and -DQB1 profiles of three major ethnic groups living in Chelyabinsk Region of Russian South Urals, viz., Russians (n = 207), Bashkirs (n = 146) and Tatars (n = 135). First field level typing was performed by PCR using sequence-specific primers. Estimates included carriage and gene frequencies, linkage disequilibrium and its significance and related values. Population comparisons were made between the allele family frequencies of the three populations and between these populations and 20 others using a dendrogram. Chelyabinsk Region Russians demonstrate all the features typical of a Caucasoid population, but also have some peculiarities. Together with Tatars, Russians have high frequencies of allele families and haplotypes characteristic of Finno-Ugric populations. This presupposes a Finno-Ugric impact on Russian and Tatar ethnogenesis. However, this was not apparent in Bashkirs, the first of the three populations to live in this territory, and implies admixture with populations of a Finno-Ugric origin with precursors of Russians and Tatars before they came to the South Urals. The Bashkirs appear close to Mongoloids in allele and haplotype distribution. However, Bashkirs cannot be labelled either as typical Mongoloids or as Caucasoids. Thus, Bashkirs possess some alleles and haplotypes frequent in Mongoloids, which supports the Turkic impact on Bashkir ethnogenesis, but also possess the AH 8.1 haplotype, which could evidence an ancient Caucasoid population that took part in their ethnic formation or of recent admixture with adjacent populations (Russians and Tatars). Bashkirs showed no features of populations with a substantial Finno-Ugric component, for example Chuvashes or Russian Saami. This disputes the commonly held belief of a Finno-Ugric origin for Bashkirs. Tatars appeared close to many European populations. However, they possessed some characteristics of Asiatic populations possibly reflecting a Mongoloid influence on Tatar ethnogenesis. Some aspects of HLA in Tatars appeared close to Chuvashes and Bulgarians, thus supporting the view that Tatars may be descendents of ancient Bulgars.
我们已经对生活在俄罗斯南乌拉尔车里雅宾斯克地区的三个主要族群（俄罗斯人、巴什基尔人和鞑靼人）的 HLA-A、-B、-DRB1、-DQA1 和-DQB1 基因进行了特征描述。首先，我们使用序列特异性引物通过 PCR 进行了初步基因分型。这些数据包括携带率和基因频率、连锁不平衡及其意义和相关值。通过聚类分析，比较了这三个群体的等位基因家族频率以及它们与其他 20 个群体的等位基因家族频率。车里雅宾斯克地区的俄罗斯人表现出所有高加索人群的特征，但也有一些特殊性。俄罗斯人和鞑靼人共同具有芬兰-乌戈尔人群特征的等位基因家族和单倍型的高频率。这表明芬兰-乌戈尔人对俄罗斯人和鞑靼人的民族形成产生了影响。然而，这种情况在第一批居住在该地区的三个群体之一的巴什基尔人中并不明显，这意味着在俄罗斯人和鞑靼人到达南乌拉尔之前，他们与芬兰-乌戈尔起源的人群发生了混合，这些人群的祖先可能来自芬兰-乌戈尔人。巴什基尔人的等位基因和单倍型分布与蒙古人相似。然而，巴什基尔人不能被标记为典型的蒙古人或高加索人。因此，巴什基尔人拥有一些在蒙古人中常见的等位基因和单倍型，这支持了突厥人对巴什基尔人民族形成的影响，但也拥有 AH 8.1 单倍型，这可能证明了一个古老的高加索人群体参与了他们的民族形成，或者是与邻近人群（俄罗斯人和鞑靼人）的最近混合。巴什基尔人没有表现出具有大量芬兰-乌戈尔成分的群体的特征，例如楚瓦什人或俄罗斯萨米人。这驳斥了巴什基尔人起源于芬兰-乌戈尔人的普遍观点。鞑靼人与许多欧洲群体相似。然而，他们拥有一些亚洲人群的特征，这可能反映了蒙古人对鞑靼人民族形成的影响。鞑靼人的一些 HLA 特征与楚瓦什人和保加利亚人相似，这支持了鞑靼人可能是古代保加利亚人的后裔的观点。
