Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2012 Apr;1252:229-36. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06447.x.
The present paper reviews behavioral and neuroimaging findings on similarities and differences between verbal and tonal working memory (WM), the influence of musical training, and the effect of strategy use on WM for tones. Whereas several studies demonstrate an overlap of core structures (Broca's area, premotor cortex, inferior parietal lobule), preliminary findings are discussed that imply, if confirmed, the existence of a tonal and a phonological loop in musicians. This conclusion is based on the findings of partly differing neural networks underlying verbal and tonal WM in musicians, suggesting that functional plasticity has been induced by musical training. We further propose a strong link between production and auditory WM: data indicate that both verbal and tonal auditory WM are based on the knowledge of how to produce the to-be-remembered sounds and, therefore, that sensorimotor representations are involved in the temporary maintenance of auditory information in WM.
本文综述了言语和声调工作记忆（WM）之间的行为和神经影像学相似性和差异性、音乐训练的影响，以及策略使用对声调 WM 的影响。虽然有几项研究表明核心结构（布罗卡区、运动前皮层、下顶叶）存在重叠，但初步研究结果表明，如果得到证实，音乐家的大脑中存在一个声调回路和一个语音回路。这一结论是基于音乐家言语和声调 WM 所涉及的神经回路存在部分差异的发现，表明音乐训练引起了功能可塑性。我们进一步提出了产生和听觉 WM 之间的紧密联系：数据表明，言语和声调听觉 WM 都基于如何产生要记住的声音的知识，因此，感觉运动代表参与了 WM 中听觉信息的临时维持。
