Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Direction à l'Energie Nucléaire, Département de Radiochimie des Procédés, Marcoule, BP 17171, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Ceze, France.
Chem Res Toxicol. 2012 Aug 20;25(8):1551-64. doi: 10.1021/tx300072w. Epub 2012 Jun 12.
The discovery of polonium (Po) was first published in July, 1898 by P. Curie and M. Curie. It was the first element to be discovered by the radiochemical method. Polonium can be considered as a famous but neglected element: only a few studies of polonium chemistry have been published, mostly between 1950 and 1990. The recent (2006) event in which (210)Po evidently was used as a poison to kill A. Litvinenko has raised new interest in polonium. 2011 being the 100th anniversary of the Marie Curie Nobel Prize in Chemistry, the aim of this review is to look at the several aspects of polonium linked to its chemical properties and its radiotoxicity, including (i) its radiochemistry and interaction with matter; (ii) its main sources and uses; (iii) its physicochemical properties; (iv) its main analytical methods; (v) its background exposure risk in water, food, and other environmental media; (vi) its biokinetics and distribution following inhalation, ingestion, and wound contamination; (vii) its dosimetry; and (viii) treatments available (decorporation) in case of internal contamination.
钋（Po）的发现最初由 P.居里和 M.居里于 1898 年 7 月发表。它是第一种通过放射化学方法发现的元素。钋可以被认为是一种著名但被忽视的元素：只有少数关于钋化学的研究被发表，主要是在 1950 年至 1990 年之间。最近（2006 年），（210）Po 显然被用作毒害 A.利特维年科的毒药，这引起了人们对钋的新兴趣。2011 年是玛丽·居里诺贝尔化学奖的 100 周年，本次综述的目的是探讨与钋的化学性质和放射性毒性相关的几个方面，包括：（i）其放射化学和与物质的相互作用；（ii）其主要来源和用途；（iii）其物理化学性质；（iv）其主要分析方法；（v）其在水、食物和其他环境介质中的背景暴露风险；（vi）其吸入、摄入和伤口污染后的生物动力学和分布；（vii）其剂量学；以及（viii）在内部污染的情况下可用的治疗方法（去污染）。
