Gocmen-Mas N, Aksu F, Edizer M, Magden O, Tayfur V, Seyhan T
Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Izmir, Turkey.
Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2012 Feb;71(1):10-4.
The saphenous flap is a fasciocutaneous flap generally used for knee and upper third of the leg coverage. Due to various descriptions of the saphenous flap, such as venous, sensory, and free flap, the origin and distributing characteristics of the saphenous artery are important for plastic surgeons. The aim of this cadaveric study was to evaluate the anatomical features of the saphenous flap. The pedicles of the saphenous flap were dissected under 4 x loop magnification in thirty-two legs of 16 formalin-fixed adult cadavers. The findings of this anatomic study were as follows: Descending genicular artery originated from the femoral artery in all of the cases. The first musculoarticular branch, which arose from descending genicular, to the vastus medialis muscle existed in all dissections. The second branch was the saphenous artery which separately originated from the descending genicular artery in all of the cases. At the level of origin the mean diameter of the saphenous artery was found to be 1.61 mm. The muscular branches to the anterior or posterior sides of the sartorious muscle existed in all of the dissections. Two vena comitantes and a saphenous nerve were accompanying the saphenous artery in all cadavers. The mean distance between the origin of the artery and interepicondylar line of tibia was 115 mm. The muscular branches of the saphenous artery to the gracilis muscle were encountered 6.66% of the cases. The cutaneous branches numbered between one and four, and arose 3.5 to 9.5 cm from the site of origin of the saphenous artery. The distal end of the saphenous artery reached approximately 122 mm distally to the knee joint in all cases. Due to variations of the arterial anatomy and limited number of anatomic studies of the saphenous flap, we studied the topography and anatomy of the saphenous artery for increasing reliability of the saphenous flap.
隐静脉皮瓣是一种筋膜皮瓣，通常用于覆盖膝关节及小腿上三分之一部位。由于对隐静脉皮瓣有多种描述，如静脉皮瓣、感觉皮瓣和游离皮瓣等，因此隐动脉的起源和分布特点对整形外科医生来说很重要。本尸体研究的目的是评估隐静脉皮瓣的解剖特征。在16具用福尔马林固定的成年尸体的32条腿上，在4倍放大镜下解剖隐静脉皮瓣的蒂部。本解剖学研究的结果如下：所有病例中，膝降动脉均起自股动脉。所有解剖中均存在膝降动脉发出的至股内侧肌的第一肌关节支。第二支为隐动脉，所有病例中均单独起自膝降动脉。在起源处，隐动脉的平均直径为1.61毫米。所有解剖中均存在至缝匠肌前侧或后侧的肌支。所有尸体中，两条伴行静脉和一条隐神经伴随隐动脉走行。动脉起源处与胫骨髁间线的平均距离为115毫米。6.66%的病例中可见隐动脉至股薄肌的肌支。皮支数量为1至4支，起自隐动脉起源部位远侧3.5至9.5厘米处。所有病例中，隐动脉远端在膝关节远侧约122毫米处。由于动脉解剖存在变异且隐静脉皮瓣的解剖学研究数量有限，我们研究了隐动脉的局部解剖结构，以提高隐静脉皮瓣的可靠性。
