Department of Molecular Bases of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Pomorska 251, 92-213 Łódź, Poland.
Endokrynol Pol. 2012;63(2):126-36.
Microsatellite instability (MSI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) represent molecular disorders acquired by the cell during neoplastic transformation. Both are associated with genetic instability. Functional silencing of tumour suppressor genes may be the consequence of genomic instability, particularly of the globally occurring LOH phenomenon. Numerous studies have confirmed the role of MSI/LOH at both the early and the late stages of thyroid tumourigenesis. This paper reviews the available study results on MSI/LOH significance and prevalence in thyroid neoplasms. Additionally, it summarises the knowledge regarding the practical usage of the study findings on MSI/LOH in aspects of cancer risk assessment as well as the development of prognostic markers for thyroid neoplasms.
微卫星不稳定性 (MSI) 和杂合性丢失 (LOH) 代表细胞在肿瘤转化过程中获得的分子病变。两者都与遗传不稳定性有关。肿瘤抑制基因的功能失活可能是基因组不稳定性的结果，特别是普遍存在的 LOH 现象。许多研究证实了 MSI/LOH 在甲状腺肿瘤发生的早期和晚期阶段的作用。本文综述了 MSI/LOH 在甲状腺肿瘤中的意义和流行率的现有研究结果。此外，它还总结了关于 MSI/LOH 研究结果在癌症风险评估以及甲状腺肿瘤预后标志物开发方面实际应用的知识。
