Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 715 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
J Exp Biol. 2012 May 15;215(Pt 10):1627-32. doi: 10.1242/jeb.059873.
This study was conducted to evaluate the use of a two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC/TOF-MS) metabolomic platform to comprehensively analyze the effect of starvation on whole-animal metabolism in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Trout were either fed a commercial diet at 2% body mass twice daily or starved for 4 weeks. Metabolomic analysis was conducted on serum, liver and muscle tissue from each fish. Database searching and statistical analysis revealed that concentrations of more than 50 positively identified molecules changed significantly (P<0.05) as a result of starvation. Our results indicate that starving rainbow trout for 4 weeks promotes increased utilization of select tissue fatty acids in liver and muscle. However, starvation did not significantly affect protein catabolism in peripheral tissues, as indicated by reductions in the level of serum amino acids in starved fish. In contrast, starvation appears to promote protein catabolism in liver as the level of methionine, proline and lysine metabolite 2-piperidine carboxylic acid increased significantly. Also, starvation resulted in significant changes in the level of numerous xenobiotics that could indicate the origin of particular feed ingredients and selective retention of these molecules in tissues. We suggest that metabolomic analysis using GC×GC/TOF-MS is an effective tool in studying whole-animal metabolism and the fate of important xenobiotic compounds in rainbow trout as numerous polar and non-polar metabolites were rapidly and accurately profiled using a single method.
本研究旨在评估二维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱（GC×GC/TOF-MS）代谢组学平台在全面分析饥饿对虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）整体动物代谢的影响中的应用。虹鳟鱼要么按 2%体重每天两次喂养商业饮食，要么饥饿 4 周。对每条鱼的血清、肝脏和肌肉组织进行代谢组学分析。数据库搜索和统计分析表明，由于饥饿，超过 50 种经确证的分子的浓度发生了显著变化（P<0.05）。我们的研究结果表明，饥饿 4 周的虹鳟鱼促进了肝脏和肌肉中特定组织脂肪酸的利用。然而，饥饿对周围组织的蛋白质分解代谢没有显著影响，这表明饥饿鱼的血清氨基酸水平降低。相比之下，饥饿似乎促进了肝脏中的蛋白质分解代谢，因为蛋氨酸、脯氨酸和赖氨酸代谢物 2-哌啶羧酸的水平显著增加。此外，饥饿导致许多外来化合物的水平发生显著变化，这可能表明特定饲料成分的来源和这些分子在组织中的选择性保留。我们认为，使用 GC×GC/TOF-MS 进行代谢组学分析是研究虹鳟整体动物代谢和重要外来化合物命运的有效工具，因为使用单一方法可以快速准确地描绘出许多极性和非极性代谢物。
