Chen Wenlong, Leopold Roger A, Boetel Mark A
Department of Entomology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA.
Environ Entomol. 2010 Oct;39(5):1545-53. doi: 10.1603/EN10098.
Development, survivorship, longevity, reproduction, and life table parameters of the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar), were examined in the laboratory using three host plants, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), Chrysanthemum morifolium L., and euonymus (Euonymus japonica Thurb.). Females deposited similar-sized egg masses on all three plants. Hatching was highest with eggs deposited on euonymus and lowest for those deposited on sunflower. Embryonic development time among host plants was similar while nymph development time was shortest on sunflower and longest on euonymus. Nymph survival to adulthood ranged from 32% on euonymus to 82% for those reared on sunflower. Adult females had similar life spans on sunflower and chrysanthemum. H. vitripennis completed a lengthy egg-to-adult development on euonymus, however, mating did not occur. The onset of mating was contingent on maturation of adult females. The majority of mating activity occurred within the first three days after onset. Premating periods ranged from 6 to 7 d on sunflower to 27 d on chrysanthemum, with overall mating rates of 77.4 and 19.8%, respectively. Females typically mated more than once and they had the longest oviposition period and highest egg production on sunflower; ≈ 50 and 67% of total number of eggs were deposited within first 45 d after the start of oviposition on sunflower and chrysanthemum, respectively. Adult size and weight related to which host plant was consumed throughout development. Greater intrinsic and finite rates of increase and net reproduction rate, and shorter population doubling time occurred when the sharpshooters were allowed to develop on sunflower. The overall developmental and reproductive parameters obtained in this study indicate that a mixed host plant system, composed of sunflower and euonymus or chrysanthemum plants, is an efficient means for optimizing egg production and colony maintenance of the glassy-winged sharpshooter.
在实验室中，使用三种寄主植物——向日葵（Helianthus annuus L.）、菊花（Chrysanthemum morifolium L.）和大叶黄杨（Euonymus japonica Thurb.），对玻璃翅叶蝉Homalodisca vitripennis（Germar）的发育、存活、寿命、繁殖及生命表参数进行了研究。雌虫在这三种植物上产下的卵块大小相似。在大叶黄杨上产下的卵孵化率最高，在向日葵上产下的卵孵化率最低。不同寄主植物上胚胎发育时间相似，但若虫发育时间在向日葵上最短，在大叶黄杨上最长。若虫发育至成虫的存活率在大叶黄杨上为32%，在向日葵上饲养的则为82%。成年雌虫在向日葵和菊花上的寿命相似。然而，玻璃翅叶蝉在大叶黄杨上完成了从卵到成虫的漫长发育过程，但未发生交配。交配的开始取决于成年雌虫的成熟。大多数交配活动发生在开始后的头三天内。交配前期在向日葵上为6至7天，在菊花上为27天，总体交配率分别为77.4%和19.8%。雌虫通常交配不止一次，且在向日葵上产卵期最长、产卵量最高；在向日葵和菊花上分别有≈50%和67%的总卵量在产卵开始后的前45天内产下。成虫的大小和重量与整个发育过程中所取食的寄主植物有关。当叶蝉在向日葵上发育时，其具有更高的内禀增长率和有限增长率以及净繁殖率，且种群加倍时间更短。本研究中获得的总体发育和繁殖参数表明，由向日葵和大叶黄杨或菊花植物组成的混合寄主植物系统是优化玻璃翅叶蝉产卵量和维持虫群数量的有效手段。
