Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2012 Jun;24(3):314-22. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2012.03.011. Epub 2012 Apr 30.
While canonical 3'end modifications of mRNAs or tRNAs are well established, recent technological advances in RNA analysis have given us a glimpse of how widespread other types of distinctive 3'end modifications appear to be. Next to alternative nuclear or cytoplasmic polyadenylation mechanisms, evidence accumulated for a variety of 3'end mono-nucleotide and oligo-nucleotide additions of primarily adenosines or uracils on a variety of RNA species. Enzymes responsible for such non-templated additions are non-canonical RNA nucleotidyltransferases, which possess surprising flexibility in RNA substrate selection and enzymatic activity. We will highlight recent findings supporting the view that RNA nucleotidyltransferase activity, RNA target selection and sub-compartimentalization are spatially, temporally and physiologically regulated by dedicated co-factors. Along with the diversification of non-coding RNA classes, the evolutionary conservation of these multifaceted RNA modifiers underscores the prevalence and importance of diverse 3'end formation mechanisms.
虽然 mRNA 或 tRNA 的典型 3'端修饰已经得到很好的确立，但最近 RNA 分析技术的进步让我们对其他类型的独特 3'端修饰的广泛存在有了一些了解。除了替代的核或细胞质多聚腺苷酸化机制外，越来越多的证据表明，在各种 RNA 种类上，主要是腺苷或尿苷的 3'端单核苷酸和寡核苷酸的添加。负责这种非模板添加的酶是非典型的 RNA 核苷酸转移酶，它们在 RNA 底物选择和酶活性方面具有惊人的灵活性。我们将重点介绍最近的发现，这些发现支持了以下观点，即 RNA 核苷酸转移酶活性、RNA 靶标选择和亚区室化在空间、时间和生理上受到专门的辅助因子的调节。随着非编码 RNA 类别的多样化，这些多方面的 RNA 修饰物的进化保守性强调了不同的 3'端形成机制的普遍性和重要性。
