Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
J Theor Biol. 2012 Jul 7;304:66-80. doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2012.03.020. Epub 2012 Mar 28.
Here, we present a study examining the evolutionarily stable patterns of a seasonal schedule for an annual plant. We consider an evolutionary game in which the dates for germination and maturation are x and y, respectively. An individual increases its mass during the growing stage (from day x to y) and reproduces on y with a number of seeds proportional to its size. The seeds remain dormant from day y to day x in the following year. The daily mortality in the growing stage varies seasonally, whilst the mortality in the dormant stage is constant and small. Due to competition among individuals, the growth rate, mortality, and recruitment rate may depend on the total biomass of individuals in the growing stage. The evolutionarily stable population contains a mixture of phenotypes differing in germination date and maturation date if either the growth rate decreases or the mortality increases with the total biomass. If competition occurs through a lowered growth rate, the variance in the maturation date is greater than that in the germination date. However, these two variances are not very different if competition results mainly in enhanced mortality. If instead the competition results in lower recruitment success of the growing stage, the evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) is composed of individuals with very early germination and maturation dates with small variability among individuals.
在这里，我们研究了一年生植物季节性时间表的进化稳定模式。我们考虑了一个进化博弈，其中发芽和成熟的日期分别为 x 和 y。个体在生长阶段（从 x 日到 y 日）增加其质量，并在 y 日以与其大小成比例的种子数量繁殖。种子在次年从 y 日到 x 日处于休眠状态。生长阶段的日死亡率随季节变化，而休眠阶段的死亡率保持不变且较小。由于个体之间的竞争，生长率、死亡率和招募率可能取决于生长阶段个体的总生物量。如果生长率降低或死亡率随总生物量增加而增加，则进化稳定的种群包含在发芽日期和成熟日期上存在差异的表型混合物。如果竞争通过降低生长率发生，则成熟日期的方差大于发芽日期的方差。然而，如果竞争主要导致死亡率增加，则这两个方差差异不大。如果相反，竞争导致生长阶段的招募成功率降低，那么进化稳定策略（ESS）由具有非常早的发芽和成熟日期的个体组成，个体之间的变异性较小。
