Askarian Mehrdad, Malekmakan Leila, Memish Ziad A, Assadian Ojan
Department of Community Medicine, Medicinal & Natural Products Chemistry research center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
GMS Krankenhhyg Interdiszip. 2012;7(1):Doc05. doi: 10.3205/dgkh000189. Epub 2012 Apr 4.
The risk of occupational exposure to blood borne pathogens (including hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV) via sharp injuries such as needle stick injuries (NSIs) among health care workers, especially dental, nursing and midwifery students is a challenging issue. Inadequate staff, lack of experience, insufficient training, duty overload and fatigue may lead to occupational sharp injuries. The aim of this prospective cross-sectional study was to evaluate the frequency of NSIs in Iranian dental, nursing, and midwifery students and their knowledge, attitude and practices regarding prevention of NSIs.
A questionnaire was provided to 264 dental and 435 nursing and midwifery students during their under graduate clinical training. 52% of dental students and 48% of nursing and midwifery students responded to the questionnaire. The questionnaire was pre-tested for reliability on 9.2% of the 55 sample population and found to have a high (r=0.812) test-retest reliability.
73% of students reported at least one NSI during the past year. Activities most frequently associated with injuries involved use of a hollow-bore needle during venous sampling or IV injection in both groups, followed by wound suturing in nursing and midwifery students and recapping in dental students. NSIs and non-reporting of NSIs were highly prevalent in these participants. The reason for not reporting injuries included not knowing the reporting mechanism or not knowing to whom to report.
Education about transmission of blood borne infections, standard precaution and increasing availability of protective strategies must be enforced. Furthermore, an optimization of the management for reporting is warranted.
医护人员，尤其是牙科、护理和助产专业的学生，通过针刺伤等锐器伤职业暴露于血源性病原体（包括乙肝、丙肝和艾滋病毒）的风险是一个具有挑战性的问题。人员不足、经验缺乏、培训不足、工作负荷过重和疲劳可能导致职业锐器伤。这项前瞻性横断面研究的目的是评估伊朗牙科、护理和助产专业学生针刺伤的发生率以及他们在预防针刺伤方面的知识、态度和做法。
在264名牙科学生以及435名护理和助产专业学生本科临床培训期间，向他们发放了一份问卷。52%的牙科学生以及48%的护理和助产专业学生回复了问卷。该问卷在55名样本人群中的9.2%上进行了预测试以检验可靠性，结果发现具有较高的重测信度（r = 0.812）。
73%的学生报告在过去一年中至少发生过一次针刺伤。两组中，与受伤最常相关的活动都包括在静脉采样或静脉注射过程中使用空心针，其次是护理和助产专业学生进行伤口缝合以及牙科学生重新盖帽。针刺伤以及未报告针刺伤在这些参与者中非常普遍。未报告受伤的原因包括不知道报告机制或不知道向谁报告。
必须加强关于血源感染传播、标准预防措施的教育，并增加防护策略的可及性。此外，有必要优化报告管理。
