Department of Zoology, GC University, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
Animal. 2012 Jun;6(6):994-1004. doi: 10.1017/S1751731111002357.
The high prevalence of anthelmintic-resistant gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) throughout the world has led to the need for alternative worm control strategies. One of the possible substitutes to reduce the problems of drug resistance and residue is the evaluation/breeding of small ruminants for greater resistance to the GINs (organically produced), which in turn would be a helpful tool to predict the performance of an animal. At present, the existing diversity in the genetic potential to resist/tolerate GINs infection both within and between breeds has been validated. Successful selection of animals to define the genotype and identified resistance is related to the employed markers. A number of phenotypic traits such as faecal egg count (FEC), worm burden, serum antibodies, peripheral eosinophilia, packed cell volume, live weight, serum protein and albumin concentrations have been used for this purpose both in natural and artificial infections. Relatively resistant/tolerant animals have also been found to have mastocytosis, globule leucocytes, high levels of histamine and immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgE concentrations. Of these traits, the principal and most practical measurement used to assess resistance status in animals undergoing similar parasite challenges is FEC. FEC has a positive/negative correlation with other biochemical, cellular and immunological parameters; however, the reliability of individual trial is often questioned and valuable information regarding the genetic makeup can be obtained from pooled data of a large number of trials and parameters. This paper covers all the aspects reported in the literature on various parameters considered to evaluate the resistance status of a range of small ruminant breeds.
全世界抗蠕虫药物的胃肠道线虫（GINs）高发率，导致了需要替代的驱虫策略。减少药物耐药性和残留问题的一种可能替代品是评估/培育对 GINs（有机生产）具有更大抵抗力的小反刍动物，这反过来又将是预测动物性能的有用工具。目前，已经验证了在品种内和品种间抵抗/耐受 GINs 感染的遗传潜力的现有多样性。成功选择具有基因型和鉴定抗性的动物与所使用的标记有关。许多表型特征，如粪便卵计数（FEC）、蠕虫负荷、血清抗体、外周嗜酸性粒细胞、红细胞压积、活体重、血清蛋白和白蛋白浓度，已在自然和人工感染中用于此目的。还发现相对具有抗药性/耐受性的动物具有肥大细胞、小球白细胞、高水平的组织胺和免疫球蛋白（Ig）A 和 IgE 浓度。在这些特征中，用于评估经历类似寄生虫挑战的动物的抗性状态的主要和最实用的测量方法是 FEC。FEC 与其他生化、细胞和免疫参数呈正/负相关；然而，单个试验的可靠性经常受到质疑，并且可以从大量试验和参数的汇总数据中获得有关遗传构成的有价值信息。本文涵盖了文献中报道的各种参数的各个方面，这些参数用于评估一系列小反刍动物品种的抗性状态。
