Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan.
Domest Anim Endocrinol. 2012 Aug;43(2):198-211. doi: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2012.03.007. Epub 2012 Apr 19.
The bovine corpus luteum (CL) is a unique, transient organ with well-coordinated mechanisms by which its development, maintenance, and regression are effectively controlled. Angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor A and basic fibroblast growth factor, play an essential role in promoting progesterone secretion, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis. These processes are critically regulated, through both angiogenic and immune systems, by the specific immune cells, including macrophages, eosinophils, and neutrophils, that are recruited into the developing CL. The bovine luteolytic cascade appears to be similar to that of general acute inflammation in terms of time-dependent infiltration by immune cells (neutrophils, macrophages, and T lymphocytes) and drastic changes in vascular tonus and blood flow, which are regulated by luteal nitric oxide and the vasoconstrictive factors endothelin-1 and angiotensin II. Over the period of maternal recognition of pregnancy, the maternal immune system should be well controlled to accept the semiallograft fetus. The information on the presence of the developing embryo in the genital tract is suggested to be transmitted to the ovary by both the endocrine system and the circulating immune cells. In the bovine CL, the lymphatic system, but not the blood vascular system, is reconstituted during early pregnancy, and interferon tau from the embryo could trigger this novel phenomenon. Collectively, the angiogenic and vasoactive factors produced by luteal cells and the time-dependently recruited immune cells within the CL and their interactions appear to play critical roles in regulating luteal functions throughout the life span of the CL.
牛的黄体（CL）是一个独特的、短暂的器官，其发育、维持和退化都有很好的协调机制。血管生成因子，如血管内皮生长因子 A 和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子，在促进孕酮分泌、细胞增殖和血管生成中起着重要作用。这些过程受到严格的调控，通过血管生成和免疫系统，由特定的免疫细胞（包括巨噬细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和中性粒细胞）募集到正在发育的 CL 中。牛的黄体溶解级联反应在免疫细胞（中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞和 T 淋巴细胞）的时间依赖性浸润以及血管张力和血流的剧烈变化方面与一般急性炎症相似，这些变化由黄体一氧化氮和血管收缩因子内皮素-1 和血管紧张素 II 调节。在母体识别妊娠期间，母体免疫系统应该得到很好的控制，以接受半同种异体胎儿。生殖道中胚胎发育的信息被认为是通过内分泌系统和循环免疫细胞传递到卵巢的。在牛的 CL 中，在妊娠早期重建了淋巴系统，但不是血管系统，胚胎中的干扰素 tau 可能触发了这种新现象。总的来说，黄体细胞产生的血管生成和血管活性因子以及在 CL 内时间依赖性募集的免疫细胞及其相互作用似乎在调节 CL 整个寿命期间的黄体功能方面起着关键作用。
